Increase in activated CD8+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis.

Abstract

To study the role of T cells in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), we investigated T-cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or 33 patients with DPB, nine patients with bronchiectasis, and 20 healthy volunteers. BALF from DPB patients contained a higher percentage of neutrophils than that from patients with bronchiectasis or healthy volunteers, whereas the percentage of lymphocytes was similar in the three groups. DPB patients, however, had a higher number of lymphocytes and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio compared with the other subjects. A two-color analysis of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and BALF revealed a significant increase in the percentage and number of CD8+HLA-DR+ cells and in the number of CD4+HLA-DR+ cells in BALF of DPB patients. The expression of the adhesion molecules CD 11a and CD18 on lung CD3+ cells was enhanced over that on blood CD3+ cells in DPB patients. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of these antigens in peripheral blood or BALF among the groups. There was no significant relationship between BALF interleukin (IL)-8 and lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of the DPB patients, whereas a significant correlation between the percentage of neutrophils and IL-8 levels in BALF of DPB patients was observed. After treatment with macrolide antibiotics, a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes and activated CD8+ cells and an elevation in the CD4/CD8 ratio in BALF of DPB patients was observed. Our findings suggest an activation of CD8+ cells in the airway lumen of DPB patients, supporting the hypothesis that lymphocytes are important cellular components of bronchial inflammation in DPB.

Neutrophil-related cytokines and neutrophil products in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with ANCA negative Wegener's granulomatosis

“…The concentrations of IL-8 in BALF (815 pg·mL -1 ) and serum (79.7 pg·mL -1 ) were higher in our patient compared with those of five of the seven healthy volunteers (BALF 21± 46 pg·mL -1 ; serum 2.5±5.6 pg·mL -1 ) (table 1). More importantly, the levels of IL-8 in our patient were similar to those observed in DPB patients (BALF 375± 462 pg·mL -1 (n=15); serum 66.6±88.2 pg·mL -1 , (n=12)) [14] and in ARDS patients [11]. Therefore, IL-8 may contribute, at least in part, to neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of patients with WG.…”

“…To support our hypothesis, we studied the content of neutrophil-related cytokines and neutrophil products in BALF and serum or plasma of this patient. IL-8 is known to have a potent neutrophil chemotactic activity [10], and to play an important role in the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [11], idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [12] and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) [13,14]. The concentrations of IL-8 in BALF (815 pg·mL -1 ) and serum (79.7 pg·mL -1 ) were higher in our patient compared with those of five of the seven healthy volunteers (BALF 21± 46 pg·mL -1 ; serum 2.5±5.6 pg·mL -1 ) (table 1).…”

WBC count and functional changes induced by co-administration of clofazimine and clarithromycin, in single and multiple doses, in Wistar rats

“…The effects of macrolides over human lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood are also associated with apoptosis induction, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory actions of clarithromycin, azitromicin, and josamicin (Ishimatsu et al, 2004). It has also been shown that clarithromycin may reduce lymphocyte counts in the lungs of rats with respiratory infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Mukae et al, 1995). Similar results were observed in studies on lung diseases in humans (Yanagihara et al, 1997).…”

Interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in interstitial lung disease

“…After obtaining informed written consent from the subject, BAL was performed using a flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope (Olympus BF P-20; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) under local anaesthesia of the upper airway with 2% lidocaine as described previously [19]. The bronchoscope was wedged into the subsegmental bronchus of the right middle lobe or, in patients with EP and BOOP, into areas of lung parenchyma otherwise normal on chest roentgenogram, and 150 or 200 mL normal saline was instilled in 50 mL aliquots.…”