Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism

Paulus, Martin P.; Rogalsky, Corianne; Simmons, Alan N.; Feinstein, Justin S.; Stein, Murray B.

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00251-9

Cited by 676 publications

(570 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Shown are locations of activation from selected functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of decision making under uncertainty. (a) Aversive stimuli, whether decision options that involve increased risk or punishments themselves, have frequently been shown to activate insular cortex (INS) 33,52,53,58 and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) 61 . (b) Unexpected rewards modulate activation of the striatum (STR) 43,46,53,59,76 , particularly its ventral aspect, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 43,53,61,76 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Unexpected rewards modulate activation of the striatum (STR) 43,46,53,59,76 , particularly its ventral aspect, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 43,53,61,76 . (c) Executive control processes required for evaluation of uncertain choice options are supported by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) 52,58 and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) 33,34 . Each circle indicates an activation focus from a single study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an important early study, subjects played a 'double-or-nothing' game 52 . If subjects chose the safe option, passing, they would keep their current winnings.…”

Section: Neuroeconomics Of Decision Making Under Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under uncertainty

2008

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Many decisions involve uncertainty, or imperfect knowledge about how choices lead to outcomes. Colloquial notions of uncertainty, particularly when describing a decision as 'risky', often carry connotations of potential danger as well. Gambling on a long shot, whether a horse at the racetrack or a foreign oil company in a hedge fund, can have negative consequences, but the impact of uncertainty on decision making extends beyond gambling. Indeed, uncertainty in some form pervades nearly all our choices in daily life. Stepping into traffic to hail a cab, braving an ice storm to be the first at work, or dating the boss's son or daughter also offer potentially great windfalls, at the expense of surety. We continually face trade-offs between options that promise safety and others that offer an uncertain potential for jackpot or bust. When mechanisms for dealing with uncertain outcomes fail, as in mental disorders such as problem gambling or addiction, the results can be disastrous. Thus, understanding decision making-indeed, understanding behavior itselfrequires knowing how the brain responds to and uses information about uncertainty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under uncertainty

2008

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“…The precuneus and thalamus were also activated by a similar two-choice guessing task (Elliot, 1999). Furthermore, the insula and precuneus were activated during selection of risky as compared with safe responses in the risky gains task (Paulus et al, 2003), where the safe options were inherently certain in their outcome while the risky ones were uncertain. In that study, subjects were not actually paid money based on performance but they did win and lose "cents" and had a running total up top as they performed the task, so that both uncertainty and some degree of reward salience were likely involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adult stimulant users' increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity

et al. 2006

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Background-Young adults who use stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines) are at particular risk of transitioning to dependence. Previously, we demonstrated increased risk-taking in young adults who had used stimulants (Leland and Paulus, 2005). Since outcome uncertainty is a critical element of risk, we investigated whether such individuals have different neural responses to uncertainty than their stimulant-naïve peers.

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“…The insula has been implicated in different modalities of self-control (Dambacher et al, 2014) and decision-making with risk-taking (Paulus et al, 2003;Xue et al, 2010), suggesting it plays a role in drug addiction (Naqvi et al, 2014). However, previous studies have shown mixed results as to whether drug addiction was associated with increased or decreased gray matter volume in the insula.…”

Section: Right Insula Volume In Meth Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in impulsivity and brain volumes in methamphetamine users

Kogachi

Chang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive stimulant adversely affecting brain structure and function. The aim of this study was to investigate impulsivity and brain structures, and sex differences on these variables, between METH users and non-drug user controls (CON). Structural MRI was performed in 124 subjects: 62 METH (ages 41.2±1.4 years, 34 males, 28 females) and 62 CON (ages 43.3±2.3 years, 36 males, 26 females). FreeSurfer 5.1 automated morphometry was used to measure brain morphometry. Subjects completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) questionnaire, which measures six factors. 2-way and repeated measures ANCOVA, co-varying for age, education, depressive symptoms, and intracranial volume, evaluated for independent and interactive effects of group status and sex. Relationships between METH usage characteristics, brain volumes, and impulsivity scores with significant group differences were examined with Pearson correlations. METH users had higher impulsivity scores in a majority of the factors (p<0.001-0.05). Male METH users had larger right superior frontal volumes compared to CON, while female METH users had smaller volumes compared to CON (p=0.02). Groupby-volume interactions were found in the right superior frontal (p=0.02) and right insula (p=0.02). In the male METH users, greater volumes in these regions were associated with less self-control. Female METH users had larger accumbens compared to female CON (p=0.03). METH users had consistently thinner left frontal cortical regions compared to CON (p=0.003). Consistent with prior reports, METH users were more impulsive and had thinner left frontal cortices than CON. Male METH users had larger superior frontal and insula volumes than CON, which was associated with less self-control (p=0.009-0.05). This was not seen in the female METH users, possibly due to a protective effect of estrogen from neuroinflammation in these regions. This suggests that men and women may be affected differently, and sex should be accounted for in brain morphometry studies.3

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Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism

Cited by 676 publications

References 61 publications

Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under uncertainty

Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under uncertainty

Young adult stimulant users' increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity

Sex differences in impulsivity and brain volumes in methamphetamine users

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