Increased Adhesion Molecule and Chemokine Receptor Expression on CD8⁺T Cells Trafficking to Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV‐1 Infection

Abstract

These findings suggest that LFA-1, CCR5 and CXCR3, and IP-10 play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking to CSF during HIV-1 infection. These observations suggest a "push-pull" model, in which lymphocyte extravasation is driven by lymphocyte activation, expression of adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability and is coupled with chemokine-mediated trafficking to inflammatory sites in the CNS.

CD8+ Lymphocyte-Mediated Injury of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons during Lentivirus Infection: CD154-Dependent Cell Contact Neurotoxicity

“…However, activated CD8ϩ T cells represent the major T cell subset in the HIV-or SIV-infected CNS (Marcondes et al, 2001;Shacklett et al, 2004). In the PNS, T cell subsets have not been identified in peripheral nerves and DRG of HIV-infected patients and of FIV-infected animals because of limited speciesspecific tools (e.g., antibodies).…”

“…Nonetheless, both FIV-infected and uninfected CD8ϩ T cells, rather than CD4ϩ T cells and CD22ϩ B cells, exhibited cytotoxicity to DRG neurons in the current study. This finding may reflect that activated CD8ϩ T cells exhibiting a distinct clonal repertoire with the capacity to cause neurological damage (Marcondes et al, 2001;Shacklett et al, 2004), although HIV-specific CD8ϩ T cells play a central role in immune response against viruses.…”

Naive and Memory CD4+T-cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Aseptic Meningitis Following Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination and Enteroviral Meningitis

“…However, ex vivo immunophenotyping of CSF cells by flow cytometry provided a valuable insight into the local immune response in a variety of inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS diseases. The phenotype of CSF cells has been extensively studied by flow cytometry in a variety of models including multiple sclerosis (MS), CNS malignant diseases, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), neuroborreliosis, CNS malignant diseases and healthy adults (2,8,10,14,15,16,17,18,24,25). However, literature data on flow cytometric analysis of CSF cells in children are scarce.…”

Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8+T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers

“…Memory CD8 + T cells (both EM and CM) were more abundant in CSF than in blood regardless of subject group, consistent with previous reports. 4,6 EM CD8 + T cells were the most abundant subset in CSF, followed by CM cells (Fig. 2A).…”

“…1,2 The brain and CNS are generally considered as immune privileged; nevertheless, the presence of HIV-specific T cells in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been documented, both in HIV-infected humans [3][4][5][6] and in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac). 7,8 Sampling of CSF from HIV-infected subjects can provide a window into host-virus interactions in the CNS.…”