Increased bactericidal/permeability increasing protein in patients with cirrhosis

Abstract

BPI is increased in cirrhotic patients, especially in those with more severe liver disease. The amount of BPI in the plasma correlated with the TNF-alpha level and was able to reduce LPS-mediated TNF production by monocytes. BPI possibly plays a regulatory role by antagonizing the pro-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by TNF-alpha.

High serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein is associated with increased mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

“…It may therefore serve as an indirect marker of the grade of endotoxaemia. 11 Increased CD14 and cytokine levels, such as TNFa and IL-6 and a hyperdynamic circulatory state, were observed in cirrhotic patients with high LBP levels. 10 Moreover, elevated LBP was associated with increased susceptibility of the host to bacterial infections and its concentration was reduced with norfloxacin prophylaxis.…”

“…Increased serum LBP identifies a subpopulation of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and frequent episodes of subclinical exposure to endotoxins. It may therefore serve as an indirect marker of the grade of endotoxaemia . Increased CD14 and cytokine levels, such as TNFa and IL‐6 and a hyperdynamic circulatory state, were observed in cirrhotic patients with high LBP levels .…”

“…LBP levels are considered to reflect the long‐term exposure to bacteria and endotoxins . Peripheral blood LBP levels have been used as surrogate marker of bacterial translocation …”

“…10 Peripheral blood LBP levels have been used as surrogate marker of bacterial translocation. 11 In this study, we evaluated the serum and ascitic fluid LBP profile in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. More specifically our aims were to (i) investigate the threshold of LBP in order to discriminate patients with and without infection (ii) investigate potential correlations of LBP with severity of liver disease and other surrogate markers of inflammation/bacterial translocation (iii) evaluate serum and ascitic fluid LBP as prognostic marker of mortality.…”

The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response toEscherichia coliis reduced in liver cirrhosis during infection

“…Bacterial infections occur in one‐third of all patients hospitalized for decompensated liver cirrhosis [1], leading to an increased risk of sepsis [2], and these infections are associated with a 12‐month mortality of 66% [3]. The most common types of infection include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), urinary tract infection, pneumonia, septicaemia and skin infection [4]. As part of the innate immune system, neutrophils and monocytes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the purpose of killing invading microorganisms.…”