2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.05.016
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Increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced regulatory T-cell cytokines production in chronic idiopathic urticaria

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Cited by 78 publications
(97 citation statements)
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“…Inflammatory cytokines like IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α act as inflammatory mediators and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, implicated in the development, differentiation, and regulation of immune cells [27,28,29,30]. These cytokines can also further immune cell recruitment and macrophage activation, promoting cell-mediated immunity and playing an integral role in the coordination and persistence of chronic inflammation [27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inflammatory cytokines like IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α act as inflammatory mediators and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, implicated in the development, differentiation, and regulation of immune cells [27,28,29,30]. These cytokines can also further immune cell recruitment and macrophage activation, promoting cell-mediated immunity and playing an integral role in the coordination and persistence of chronic inflammation [27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Downregulation of high affinity IgE receptors (FceRI) on mast cells, as a consequence of circulating IgE Reports on cytokine serum levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients are not numerous in the literature. Most of the studies have emphasized the observation of elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and their relationship with disease severity (12)(13)(14). Conversely, scant evidence exists with regard to Th2-type cytokines (15).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conversely, scant evidence exists with regard to Th2-type cytokines (15). In addition, only a few cytokines in a given patient population have been evaluated in the studies available in the literature (12)(13)(14)(15).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Up to 30%-50% of patients with chronic urticaria have autoantibodies to the a-chain of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FceRIa); it is thought that these autoantibodies cross-link the IgE receptors, therefore activating the infiltrating basophils and skin mast cells, leading to histamine release [1,3,4] . In addition, other circulating mediators may play a role in activation and histamine release studies have shown increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1b, IL-12p70, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17, in chronic idiopathic urticaria [5,6] . Crohn's disease is also a disease with autoimmune involvement, and there is evidence for an altered cytokine milieu leading to mucosal inflammation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%