Increased electron density and dissolved oxygen level in water through magnetic effect

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important water parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these water parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these water parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these water parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on water’s pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnet arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration by +3.51%, -6.89% and +5.62%, respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000-1500 Gauss magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1-0.5 mL/s. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.50 × 1013 number of electrons generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favour formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.

“…In this study, two possible half reactions of redox reaction can be assumed, as shown in Eqs. 7and (8), respectively [34]:…”

Section: When There Is Excess Ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Generation in Water Induced by Magnetic Effect and Its Impact on Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

“…On the other hand, several studies [8][9][10][11] also reported that magnetic effect can change the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. This magnetic effect can be originated from electromagnets or permanent magnets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, magnetic effect with average intensity of 1000-2000 G could increase pH and DO concentration, while also decrease the ORP. Recently, Lee et al [8] reported that magnetic effect can increase the electron density and DO concentration based on reversed electric motor principle. The finding showed that pH, ORP, DO concentrations in distilled water were changed from 5.14 to 5.54 (+ 7.8%), 461 to 367 mV (− 20.4%), and 6.68 to 6.90 mg L − 1 (+ 3.3%), respectively when electron is generated in water due to mechanical motion of water intersecting with the magnetic effect at a perpendicular angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

Self Cite

AbstractpH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (− 6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.

“…For instance, magnetic effect with average intensity of 1000-2000 G could increase pH and DO concentration, while also decrease the ORP. Recently, Lee et al [8] reported that magnetic effect can increase the electron density and DO concentration based on reversed electric motor principle. The nding showed that pH, ORP, DO concentrations in distilled water were changed from 5.14 to 5.54 (+7.8%), 461 to 367 mV (-20.4%), and 6.68 to 6.90 mg L -1 (+3.3%), respectively when electron is generated in water due to mechanical motion of water intersecting with the magnetic effect at a perpendicular angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (-6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.