Increased fish diversity over day and night in structurally complex habitats of artificial reefs

Cardoso, Aiara P.L.R; Matos, Marcello R. S. B. C.; Rosa, Ricardo S.; Alvarado, Fredy; Medeiros, Aline P. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2019.151244

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Gamma and alpha diversity of species, functions, and lineages was estimated based on the effective number of species, the total functional distance between species of the community, and the effective number of phylogenetic entities, respectively (so-called Hill numbers q D; see also Araújo et al, 2020, andCardoso et al, 2020). Hill numbers are a family of diversity measures developed by Hill (1973) that quantify diversity in units of equivalent numbers of equally abundant species (Gotelli & Chao, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach allowed to focus in different available habitats (i.e., bottom reef, interface, and water column) to record the entire coral reef fish community (Mallet & Pelletier, 2014;Meirelles et al, 2015;Pelletier et al, 2011). This way, each reef had different recording times and trajectories, but because samples were standardized by completeness rather than size as recommend by Chao and Jost (2012) (see Section 2.3), our statistical analyses were reliable and reproducible (Cardoso et al, 2020). Videos were later analyzed to identify fish species and estimate their abundance.…”

Section: Data Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Medeiros

Ferreira

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Medeiros

Ferreira

Alvarado

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Sampling effort was measured as the total time recorded for each reef area (Table S1). We recorded the fish community from each artificial and natural reef at approximately 1 m above the bottom using high-resolution videos (GoPro Hero 4), and following the browsing trajectory methodology (Mallet & Pelletier, 2014;Mallet et al, 2016; more details can be found in Cardoso et al, 2020;. Assuming that each natural reef has different shapes and features (e.g.…”

Section: Data Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In marine ecosystems, artificial structures have been deliberately submerged for the establishment of marine aquafarms, fishing zones, tourism sites, oil and gas exploitation, among other goals. Accidental collision, unsuitable conditions for navigation, human and mechanical failures have also resulted in the unplanned sinking of artificial structures in marine environments (Cardoso et al, 2020). The Mediterranean Sea, for instance, has 4% of the world's sunken wrecks (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Richness, abundance, biomass and trophic structure of fish communities, for instance, have been linked to the structural complexity of natural reefs, which provide shelter, refuge and foraging area at some stage of species development (Beukers & Jones, 1998;Böhm & Hoeksema, 2017;Brandl et al, 2018;Cowman et al, 2017;Darling et al, 2017;Davis & Smith, 2017;Rilov & Benayahu, 2000). Even within artificial reefs, more complex sites host more fish diversity than less complex sites (Cardoso et al, 2020). Furthermore, artificial reefs may reduce human pressure on natural reefs by serving as fishery enhancement tool and recreational diving spots (Bohnsack, 1989;Hall et al, 2021;Santos et al, 2013), potentially favouring fish diversity locally and regionally ('production hypothesis' sensu Wilson et al, 2001 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centenary shipwrecks reveal the limits of artificial habitats in protecting regional reef fish diversity

Medeiros

Ferreira

Betancur‐R

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. The sinking of artificial structures has become increasingly common around the world, but whether the artificial structures favour or disfavour fish diversity remain under debate. Sinking may empty the nearby natural reefs locally and regionally by attracting their biota. Conversely, it may improve environmental conditions for species survival and reproduction, acting as source of diversity at the local and regional levels.2. We tested these contrasting hypotheses by assessing the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of 12 fish communities in Northeast Brazil: four ageing (>100-year-old) shipwrecks and eight surrounding natural reefs at comparable depths and distances. We partitioned the gamma diversity of artificial and natural reef communities into independent alpha and beta components, accounted for species' abundance and assessed whether beta patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover or nestedness.3. We recorded 6,335 individuals distributed in 88 fish species and 38 families. While artificial and natural reefs shared 50 species (57%), 21 species (24%) were exclusive to the artificial reefs, suggesting that the nearby natural reefs-the most likely original source of these exclusive species-do not harbour them anymore. Alpha diversity of typical and dominant species did not significantly differ between the reef types, but alpha diversity of rare species was taxonomically, functionally and phylogenetically higher in artificial reefs, indicating positive effects of the structures at the local scale. 4. By contrast, regional beta diversity was higher in natural reefs in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity, regardless of species abundance. Pairwise beta diversity indicated that turnover had a large effect on the compositional dissimilarity in both reef types, whereas nestedness was almost irrelevant in artificial reefs. Synthesis and applications.Artificial structures such as shipwrecks may promote the co-occurrence of rare species, but they are unable to produce the beta diversity patterns that natural reefs do, even following many decades of colonization.Although artificial habitats host a significant portion of the regional reef fish diversity, they may have also contributed to the degradation of nearby natural reefs.

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Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

Morais,

Cordeiro,

Medeiros

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Marine sponges play a vital role in the reef's benthic community; however, understanding how their diversity and abundance vary with depth is a major challenge, especially on marginal reefs in areas deeper than 30 m. To help bridge this gap, we used underwater videos at 24 locations between 2‐ and 62‐meter depths on a marginal reef system in the Southwestern Atlantic to investigate the effect of depth on the sponge metacommunity. Specifically, we quantified the abundance, density, and taxonomic composition of sponge communities, and decomposed their gamma (γ) diversity into alpha (α) and beta (β) components. We also assessed whether beta diversity was driven by species replacement (turnover) or by nesting of local communities (nestedness). We identified 2020 marine sponge individuals, which belong to 36 species and 24 genera. As expected, deep areas (i.e., those greater than 30 m) presented greater sponge abundance and more than eightfold the number of sponges per square meter compared to shallow areas. About 50% of the species that occurred in shallow areas (<30 m) also occurred in deep areas. Contrarily to expectations, alpha diversity of rare (0Dα), typical (1Dα), or dominant (2Dα) species did not vary with depth, but the shallow areas had greater beta diversity than the deep ones, especially for typical (1Dβ) and dominant (2Dβ) species. Between 92.7% and 95.7% of the beta diversity was given by species turnover both inside and between shallow and deep areas. Our results support previous studies that found greater sponge abundance and density in deep areas and reveal that species sorting is stronger at smaller depths, generating more beta diversity across local communities in shallow than deep areas. Because turnover is the major driver at any depth, the entire depth gradient should be considered in management and conservation strategies.

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Increased fish diversity over day and night in structurally complex habitats of artificial reefs

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow‐water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

Centenary shipwrecks reveal the limits of artificial habitats in protecting regional reef fish diversity

Exploring depth‐related patterns of sponge diversity and abundance in marginal reefs

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