Increased kidney growth in formula-fed versus breast-fed healthy infants

Schmidt, Ida Maria; Damgaard, Ida; Boisen, Kirsten A; Mau, Claudia; Chellakooty, Marla; Ølgaard, Klaus; Main, Katharina M.

doi:10.1007/s00467-004-1567-0

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Considering such caution in transposing findings to humans, our findings highlight the long-term renal consequences of neonatal HP diet in LBW infants. While no study has clearly explored the renal effects of a neonatal HP diet in these infants, two recent studies reported renal hypertrophy (+10% to +25% increase in kidney volume) in 3-and 6-mo-old NBW infants exposed from birth to HP formulas (39,40). The long-term consequences are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR

et al. 2015

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Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases in both humans and animals. The long-term renal effects of protein intake early in life remain unknown. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a neonatal feeding with high protein (HP) milk on renal functions and structure in IUGR male rats. Methods: Maternal gestational low protein diet was used to produce IUGR. At day 5, IUGR pups were gastrostomized in the "pup-in-the cup" model and received either normal protein (NP) milk or HP (+50% protein content) milk until day 21. After weaning, the animals were fed the same standard diet. Renal functions and structure were assessed at postnatal day 18 (D18) and in adult offspring. results: During the preweaning period, the postnatal weight gain between the two groups was unaffected. On D18, kidneys from HP offspring were heavier with significant glomerular hypertrophy (+40%, P < 0.05). HP diet was associated with significant proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis (+49%, P < 0.05). Glomerular number was unaltered. conclusion: Neonatal HP feeding following IUGR affects renal functions and structure at adulthood. These alterations may result from a single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR

et al. 2015

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“…A influência de altas cargas de eletrólitos e proteínas sobre o crescimento e a função renal foi analisada previamente na literatura 23,24 . Em ratos, dietas com 12,0, 21,0 ou 50,0% de proteína mostraram aumento do peso dos rins somente no último grupo 24 .…”

Section: Figura 1 -Evolução Das Concentrações Médias (± Desvios Padrão)unclassified

Iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow’s milk: experimental model in weanling rats

Costa

Freitas²,

Amâncio

et al. 2009

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To compare iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow's milk.Methods: Twenty-four weanling Wistar rats were maintained in metabolic cages during the whole experiment (10 days). On the first day, the animals were divided into three similar groups according to their weight, length, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels: 1) infant formula; 2) powdered whole cow's milk fortified with iron in the same quantity and type as the formula; 3) control -powdered whole cow's milk not fortified with iron. Deionized water and diet were offered ad libitum, and the volume consumed was measured. Weight, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were measured on the fifth and 10th days when length, fecal occult blood, and hepatic iron levels were also analyzed.Results: Group 1 consumed less diet (450.5±26.50 mL) than group 2 (658.8±53.73 mL) and control group (532.7±19.06 mL, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were higher (p < 0.001) in group 1 (12.1±1.13 g/dL) than in group 2 (9.6±1.59 g/dL) and in control group (6.2±0.97 g/dL). Hepatic iron level showed the same pattern as hemoglobin (p < 0.001). There was no difference in weight and length between the three groups (p = 0.342). There was no fecal occult blood in the any of the animals. Conclusions:Despite the lower volume consumed, the group that received formula presented higher iron absorption and hemoglobin levels than the group fed with fortified whole cow's milk. Growth was similar in the three groups. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(5):449-454:Breast milk substitutes, dietary iron, biological availability, iron deficiency. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar a absorção do ferro da fórmula de partida e do leite de vaca integral fortificado. Métodos:Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar recém-desmamados, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas durante todo o período do experimento (10 dias). No primeiro dia, os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos semelhantes quanto ao peso, comprimento, hematócrito e hemoglobina: 1) fórmula de partida para lactentes; 2) leite de vaca integral em pó fortificado com a mesma quantidade e tipo de sal de ferro da fórmula; e 3) controle -leite de vaca integral em pó não fortificado com ferro. Água e dieta foram oferecidas ad libitum com mensuração do volume consumido. Peso, hematócrito e hemoglobina foram mensurados no quinto e no 10º dia do experimento, quando foram analisados também comprimento, sangue oculto nas fezes e teor de ferro hepático.Resultados: O grupo 1 ingeriu menor volume de dieta (450,5±26,50 mL) que os grupos 2 (658,8±53,73 mL) e controle (532,7±19,06 mL; p < 0,001). As concentrações de hemoglobina foram maiores (p < 0,001) no grupo 1 (12,1±1,13 g/dL) que nos grupos 2 (9,6±1,59 g/dL) e controle (6,2±0,97 g/dL). O teor de ferro hepático apresentou o mesmo comportamento da hemoglobina (p < 0,001). Não foi observada diferença de peso e comprimento nos três grupos (p = 0,342). Não foi detectado sangue oculto nas fezes de nenhum dos animais. Conclusões:Apesar do menor volume ingerido, o grupo que recebeu fórmula apresentou maior abso...

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“…This deposition is known to be related with diabetic nephropathy in adults. It is thought that renal hypertropy in infants fed with formula might be related at least with increased AGE load (49,50).…”

Section: Infant Formulas and Glycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary glycotoxins and infant formulas

Kutlu

2016

Turk Pediatri Ars

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Advanced glycation end products constitute a complex group of compounds derived from the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids formed endogenously, but also from exogenous supplies such as tobacco smoking (glycotoxins). Accumulating evidence underlies the beneficial effect of the dietary restriction of glycotoxins in animal studies and also in patients with diabetic complications and metabolic diseases. Composition of infant formulas and their processing methods render an extraordinary favorable milieu for the formation of glycotoxins, and the content of glycotoxins in infant formula exceeds that of breast milk by hundred folds. Data from a limited number of short-term small studies in healthy infants do not provide direct evidence of acute negative health effects of glycotoxins in early infancy. However, the effects in sensitive groups on the state of future health in adulthood remain unclear. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 179-85)

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Increased kidney growth in formula-fed versus breast-fed healthy infants

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR

High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR

Iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow’s milk: experimental model in weanling rats

Dietary glycotoxins and infant formulas

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