Increased osteoblast growth with graphene oxide in a microwell-based biochip

Advantages of microfluidic systems for studying cell-biomaterial interactions—focus on bone regeneration applications

“…The microwell-based design was successfully used to determine the optimal concentration of graphene oxide to enhance cell growth of pre-osteoblasts. The size of the microcontainers limited the evaluation to nanoparticles, while other shapes such as sheet, plate and rods had to be tested in standard well plates [128].…”