Increased plasma interleukin-6 in donors is associated with lower recipient hospital-free survival after cadaveric organ transplantation*

Abstract

Among brain-dead organ donors, older age donors contribute fewer organs for transplantation, and increased donor interleukin-6 level before organ procurement is associated with lower recipient six-month hospital-free survival.

Circulating mitochondria in deceased organ donors are associated with immune activation and early allograft dysfunction

“…It is well-known that donor brain death results in a systemic inflammatory response (5) that can increase graft immunogenicity (6) and is associated with inferior posttransplant outcomes (7). However, there is presently a gap in knowledge regarding the specific cellular and molecular pathways responsible for the initiation of the deceased donor inflammatory response.…”

Pre-transplant biomarkers and prediction of post-transplant outcomes in kidney transplantation

“…In this context, the evaluation of non-invasive kidney injury biomarkers from perfusate solution could add a greater predictive value to kidney viability and allograft outcomes as concede assessment at multiple time points during preservation. Moers et al (47) have investigated for the first time six important perfusate biomarkers that have been supported in different studies and are already in use by various transplant centres (48)(49)(50)(51)(52). These biomarkers are; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), total glutathione-S-transferase (GST), alanine-aminopeptidase (Ala-AP), N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidase (NAG), and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP).…”

The implications of brain death in donor lung injury: investigation and blockade of the endothelin axis

“…[15,203] Murugan and colleagues demonstrated an inverse relationship between donor plasma IL-6 levels and recipient six-month hospital free survival. [172] Kaneda et al also showed that higher donor IL-6 levels increased the risk of recipient death within 30 days of lung transplant. [205] T H 17 cells, through production of IL-17, stimulate inflammation in donor organs.…”

“…[163] Interestingly, this group also analysed serum cytokine levels in human BD donors and showed that they were not significantly elevated. [ [129,172,196] Additionally, IL-10 has been shown to be upregulated in human livers [15] and kidneys. [197] Work undertaken by Li et al suggested that IL-10 expression after BD may be important in stimulating apoptosis of graft infiltrating lymphocytes through activation of the Fas/Fas Ligand pathway.…”

“…[25] This study showed that virIL-10 was detectable in the lungs and that presence of this cytokine was related to improved lung function, less microscopic pathology and decreased lung oedema at four hours post injury. Gene transfer [271] Lungs [272] Splenocytes, macrophages [19] Infection, TBI, SAH [271] Endothelial cell detachment/apoptosis, activation caspase-3, disruption of BBB [271] Induction of CAM's and other inflammatory cytokines [273] Impairment of cardiac function [204] IFN-β, [272], NNZ-2566 [274], etenercept and IFN inhibitors [123] Haemoadsorption [196] IL-1β CNS -neurons, microglia, infiltrating macrophages [275] Endothelial cells [271] Neuroexcitation, infection, trauma [275] SAH [271] Synaptic modulation, central regulation of systemic inflammatory response [275] Pro-Inflammatory, activation of NFκB and SAPK with upregulation of Eselectin/ICAM/VCAM [271] IL-1RA [275] and NNZ-2566 [274] Haemoadsorption [196] IL-6 CNS -Microglia [276] Kidney, Liver, Spleen, Heart [143,172,199,200,204] Macrophages [204] IL-1β [271] TNF-α [204] Sepsis, major surgery, heart failure, multitrauma and burns [143,147,199,277,278] Regulator of inflammationInhibition of TNF and upregulation of Control of glial responses and neuronal survival. [160][161]…”