Increased Resistance during Jump Exercise Does Not Enhance Cortical Bone Formation

Boudreaux, Ramon D.; Swift, Joshua M.; Gasier, Heath G.; Wiggs, Michael P.; Hogan, Harry A.; Fluckey, James D.; Bloomfield, Susan A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000195

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) The articles that do report on skeletal parameters suggest highly variable changes in cortical and cancellous bone architecture following exercise compared to normal cage activity. (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) These variable bone changes are highly dependent on mouse strain, age, and exercise type and duration. Due to this variation, only preclinical models of extreme to moderate skeletal disuse that have reproducible and convergent skeletal phenotypes depicting bone loss are presented.…”

Section: Preclinical Models Of Moderate To Extreme Skeletal Disusementioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss

Buettmann

Goldscheitter

Hoppock

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Disuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β‐catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short‐term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross‐linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE‐RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar‐canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age‐related and disuse‐induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Section: Preclinical Models Of Moderate To Extreme Skeletal Disusementioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss

Buettmann

Goldscheitter

Hoppock

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…In another study using 16 repetitions of jumps with high and low loads for five weeks, a significant improvement in bone mineral density and cortical bone area was observed (Boudreaux et al, 2014). According to Mottini et al and Cadore et al, the load imposed on the bone structure, mainly during physical exercise, produces an osteogenic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Muscle Strength Training is Better than the Use of Growth Hormone (GH) in Bone Health of Wistar Rats

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) and muscle strength training (ST) on the composition of bone tissue of Wistar rats through Raman spectroscopy. In total, 40 male rats were randomly distributed into four groups: (N = 10) control (C), control with the application of GH (GHC), strength training (T), and strength training with the application of GH (GHT). The training consisted of four series of 10 water jumps, performed three times a week, with an overload corresponding to 50 % of body weight and duration of four weeks. GH was applied at a dose of 0.2 IU / kg in each animal three times a week and every other day. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the right femurs collected for analysis of the bone structure. Raman spectroscopy (ER) was used to observe the following compounds from their respective bands: Calcium Carbonate-Triglycerides (fatty acids) 1073 cm-1 , Collagen type I 509 cm-1 , Bone-DNA Phosphate (Protein) 589 cm-1 , Phosphate Phospholipids 1078 cm-1. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA One-Way variance analysis normality tests were performed, followed by the Tukey post-test. The results showed an increase in the concentrations of calcium carbonate-triglycerides (fatty acids), type I collagen, bone phosphate-DNA (protein), and phosphate phospholipids in all experimental groups, with or without ST and/or GH , But only the isolated training group differed significantly from the control group (P <0.05). It was concluded that all treatments could promote bone tissue gain, however, only the T group demonstrated a significant difference in the mineral compounds analyzed.

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“…Material properties were estimated by normalizing structural properties for the bone geometry using the bending cross-sectional moment of inertia (estimated as half the polar CSMI from pQCT), bone diameter (measured by calipers), and the support span distance (L=15 mm). Equations derived from standard beam theory were applied to estimate the material properties of elastic modulus (EM) and ultimate stress (US) as described previously ( 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents

et al. 2023

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IntroductionReductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to graded energy deficits.MethodsFemale virgin rats (n=84, 5-mo-old; 12/group) were randomized to baseline controls and either sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) conditions, and within each exercise status to adlib-fed (ADLIB), or moderate (MOD) or severe (SEV) energy restriction diets for 12 weeks. Rats assigned to EX groups performed treadmill running to increase weekly energy expenditure by 10%. MOD-ER-SED, SEV-ER-SED, MOD-ER-EX and SEV-ER-EX were fed modified AIN93M diets with 20%, 40% 10%, and 30% less energy content, respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided.ResultsEnergy availability (EA) was effectively reduced by ~14% and ~30% in the MOD-ER and SEV-ER groups, respectively. MOD-ER for 12 weeks resulted in few negative impacts on bone and, except for serum leptin in MOD-ER-SED rats, no significant changes in endocrine factors. By contrast, SEV-ER in SED rats resulted in significantly lower total body and femoral neck bone mass, and reduced serum estradiol, IGF-1 and leptin. EX rats experiencing the same reduction in energy availability as SEV-ER-SED exhibited higher total body mass, lean mass, total BMC, and higher serum IGF-1 at the end of 12 weeks. Bone mechanical properties at 3 bone sites (mid-femur, distal femur, femoral neck) were minimally impacted by ER but positively affected by EX.DiscussionThese findings indicate that combining increased EX energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake to achieve a targeted reduction in EA provides some protection against loss of bone mass and lean mass in skeletally mature female rats, likely due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1, and that bone mechanical integrity is not significantly degraded with either moderate or severe reduced EA.

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Increased Resistance during Jump Exercise Does Not Enhance Cortical Bone Formation

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss

Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss

Muscle Strength Training is Better than the Use of Growth Hormone (GH) in Bone Health of Wistar Rats

Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents

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