Increased seasonality in Middle East temperatures during the last interglacial period

Abstract

prospects of proposals such as quantum-interferometric optical lithography. The method can be adapted to generate entangled states of arbitrarily large photon number. Because prior entanglement is not required, the procedure would work well with singlephoton-on-demand sources 29,30 , which promise to be more efficient and scalable than down-conversion sources. Scalability would also be enhanced by the use of photon-number-resolving detectors. The construction proceeds from spatially separated, unentangled photons to a maximally entangled state in a single spatial mode, a state suitable for Heisenberg-limited phase measurements.A

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1

“…31). This is consistent with results from other locations, showing that the seasonal amplitude between colonies is reproducible 27 . We therefore consider our result of an annual SST cycle of 2.7 °C at 15.0 kyr BP, which is similar to today, as robust ( Supplementary Fig.…”

“…Our estimates of a reduction in mean SST by 3.5 °C relative to today, using our seasonal Tahiti coral Sr/Ca-SST relationship or by only 2.4 °C, using a possibly more suitable relationship for mean Indo-Pacific SST changes 32 , however, have relatively large uncertainties. As commonly observed at various locations 27,28,33 , between-colony offsets in mean Sr/Ca are evident among the modern Tahiti corals (Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Fig. S9).…”

“…S9). The Sr/Ca ratios in coral skeletons are an established proxy for SST variability 10,11,[25][26][27][28] . Here we present a monthly resolved Sr/Ca-based SST reconstruction for a time window of 22 years generated from our HS1 coral (Fig.…”

Past daily light cycle recorded in the strontium/calcium ratios of giant clam shells

“…This work presented new measurements of Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca in the finest temporal resolution to date in the carbonate geochemistry literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Although there is some ambiguity in the age model, the giant clam Sr/Ca data clearly demonstrated the daily light cycle, which we attributed to insolation-driven, differential rates of growth and calcification.…”

“…Thus, biogenic marine carbonates are important tools for reconstruction of the past climate system. Proxies reflecting past seawater temperature [1][2][3] , salinity 4,5 , pH 6,7 , and nutrients 8,9 has been derived from stable isotopes and trace elements in coral skeletons, foraminifera tests, and mollusk shells. Insolation is an important component of meteorological data, as solar energy is the primal and direct driver of weather and climate.…”