Increased surface expression of CD11b receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not sufficient to sustain phagocytosis during Escherichia coli mastitis in early postpartum dairy cows

Dosogne, Hilde; Burvenich, Christian; Werven, T. van; Roets, E; Noordhuizen-Stassen, E.N.; Goddeeris, Bruno

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00089-5

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2). Together, these findings 6 H. Dosogne et al suggest that impairment of the immune system in periparturient and in older cows could also be associated with a shift in cytokine synthesis during coliform mastitis.…”

Section: Role Of Pregnancy and Ageing In The Polarization Of The Immumentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The susceptibility of individual cows to severe coliform mastitis appears to be associated with the degree of neutropenia or impairment of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) function. The most important risk factors for severe E. coli mastitis are slow migration of blood PMN into the mammary gland [14,23,55] and their impaired oxidative burst activity [1,6,13]. Lymphocyte function such as proliferation and antibody response has also been found to be impaired during early lactation [30], but a relation with the severity of coliform mastitis has not been clearly established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

2002

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-Coliform mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern dairy industry. Curative therapy with antibiotics remains only moderately effective and depends on the stage at which the disease is treated. The most successful strategies for combating coliform mastitis appear to be prevention by hygienic management or prophylactic immunization. The severity of clinical symptoms of coliform mastitis has been shown to be reduced by immunization with the Escherichia coli J5 vaccine. However, although the J5 vaccine has been licensed in the United States for about 10 years, the immunological basis of its mechanism of action is still unknown. Until now, protection by J5 vaccination has often been explained by a straightforward mechanism of enhanced antibody production resulting in increased opsonization of coliform bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The possibility that J5 vaccination could decrease risk factors for coliform mastitis such as impaired blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) diapedesis has never been investigated. This review provides arguments to support the hypothesis that J5 vaccination may reduce the severity of coliform mastitis by inducing a condition of mammary gland hyper-responsiveness, characterized by a T helper 1 (Th1) response and mediated by memory cells inside the mammary gland, finally resulting in enhanced PMN diapedesis upon an intramammary infection. dairy cow / coliform mastitis / J5 vaccine / T cell / immune response Résumé -Mécanismes d'action possibles du vaccin J5 dans la protection contre la mammite coliforme sévère de la vache laitière. La mammite coliforme est une des maladies les plus difficiles à traiter dans l'industrie laitière moderne. La thérapie curative avec des antibiotiques reste peu efficace, dépendant du stade de la maladie. Les stratégies les plus efficaces pour combattre la mammite semblent être la prévention par des mesures d'hygiène ou la prophylaxie vaccinale. La sévérité des symptômes cliniques de la mammite coliforme peut être réduite par immunisation avec le vaccin Escherichia coli J5. Cependant, alors que le vaccin J5 a été mis sur le marché aux États-Unis depuis (32) 9 2647321; fax: (32) 9 2647499; e-mail: christian.burvenich@rug.ac.be environ 10 ans, les bases immunologiques de son mécanisme d'action ne sont pas connues. Jusqu'à présent, la protection par le vaccin J5 a souvent été attribuée à un simple mécanisme de stimulation de la production d'anticorps résultant en une augmentation de l'opsonization des bactéries coliformes et des lipopolysaccharides (LPS). La possibilité que la vaccination avec J5 pourrait diminuer les facteurs de risque de la mammite coliforme, tels qu'une diapédèse insuffisante des leucocytes neutrophiles polymorphonucléaires (PMN) sanguins, n'a jamais été étudiée. Cet article de synthèse cite des arguments supportant l'hypothèse que la vaccination avec J5 pourrait réduire la sévérité de la mammite coliforme en induisant une hyper-sensibilité de la glande mammaire. Celle-ci serait caractér...

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Section: Role Of Pregnancy and Ageing In The Polarization Of The Immumentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

2002

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“…E. coli with large numbers of bacteria in the udder cistern can occur. This is especially related with the period of parturition and early lactation [26,41,59,79,93,97,125,126,145,167,210,241,244,245] and this explosive growth of I.M. E. coli is less apparent during established lactation [16,97,98,102,195,210].…”

Section: Local Disease Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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-Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.

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“…This step is related to the expression of CD31 in leukocytes and endothelial cells. However, preinfection expression of CD11a and CD11b is not related to the severity of mastitis [22,115]. The absence of this relation may be due to the increased expression of integrin after infection [77,105].…”

Section: An Acute Phase Of Udder Defense Mechanism After Intramammarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

et al. 2000

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-The objective of this study was to review the possible relationships between hyperketonemia and the function of phagocytes with respect to the bovine udder defense mechanism. We hypothesize that an increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-producing cows is caused by the impairment of the udder defense mechanism during hyperketonemia. First, we review the acute phase of udder defense mechanisms after intramammary infection. The physiological changes of cows in negative energy balance are subsequently discussed. Finally, possible relationships between udder defense and physiological changes during negative energy balance, especially hyperketonemia, are reviewed. The three stages of an acute phase of udder defense are: (1) immediately eliminating invading pathogens by phagocytes, (2) releasing inflammatory substances, especially chemoattractants, and (3) migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the infected udder. Leukocytes from hyperketonemia subjects show a lower capacity of the phagocytic defense mechanism. In addition, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils are reduced when these cells are acting in the presence of high concentrations of ketone bodies. Lower amounts of cytokine production after bacterial infection are observed in ketotic subjects. The chemotactic capacity of blood leukocytes is impaired in leukocytes obtained from ketotic cows. Lower numbers of blood leukocytes are observed in ketotic cows. In conclusion, the impairment of the udder defense mechanism in negative energy balance cows seems related to hyperketonemia. ketosis / negative energy balance / mastitis / udder defense mechanism / cow Résumé -Hypercétonémie et diminution des défenses mammaires : une synthèse. L'objectif de cette étude est de présenter des relations possibles entre l'hypercétonémie et la fonction des phagocytes pour ce qui est des mécanismes de défense de la mamelle. Notre hypothèse est qu'une Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 397-412 397

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Increased surface expression of CD11b receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not sufficient to sustain phagocytosis during Escherichia coli mastitis in early postpartum dairy cows

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

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