Increased T-cell responses that control bovine leukemia virus proviral load in beef cattle under dietary vitamin A restriction for marbling

Miyauchi, Sonoko; Katagiri, Yuzuru; Ochiai, Chihiro; Hirata, Toh-Ichi; Matsuda, Kazuo; Ichijo, Toshihiro; Hikono, Hirokazu; Murakami, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110301

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Surprisingly, we observed that the VAD-mock sows had elevated levels of helper (CD4 + ) and cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T cells in blood MNCs and maintained these high frequencies throughout the experiment. This was similar to the finding in beef cattle where dietary VA restriction in beef cattle enhances T cell responses crucial for controlling bovine leukemia virus (BLV), whereby increased CD4 + T cells contributed to a more efficient killing of BLVinfected lymphocytes, especially in secondary lymphoid organs like spleen (72).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Maternal immunization and vitamin A sufficiency impact sow primary adaptive immunity and passive protection to nursing piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection

Amimo,

Michael,

Chepngeno

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a highly contagious enteric disease with major economic losses to swine production worldwide. Due to the immaturity of the neonatal piglet immune system and given the high virulence of PEDV, improving passive lactogenic immunity is the best approach to protect suckling piglets against the lethal infection. We tested whether oral vitamin A (VA) supplementation and PEDV exposure of gestating and lactating VA-deficient (VAD) sows would enhance their primary immune responses and boost passive lactogenic protection against the PEDV challenge of their piglets. We demonstrated that PEDV inoculation of pregnant VAD sows in the third trimester provided higher levels of lactogenic protection of piglets as demonstrated by >87% survival rates of their litters compared with <10% in mock litters and that VA supplementation to VAD sows further improved the piglets’ survival rates to >98%. We observed significantly elevated PEDV IgA and IgG antibody (Ab) titers and Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) in VA-sufficient (VAS)+PEDV and VAD+VA+PEDV sows, with the latter maintaining higher Ab titers in blood prior to parturition and in blood and milk throughout lactation. The litters of VAD+VA+PEDV sows also had the highest serum PEDV-neutralizing Ab titers at piglet post-challenge days (PCD) 0 and 7, coinciding with higher PEDV IgA ASCs and Ab titers in the blood and milk of their sows, suggesting an immunomodulatory role of VA in sows. Thus, sows that delivered sufficient lactogenic immunity to their piglets provided the highest passive protection against the PEDV challenge. Maternal immunization during pregnancy (± VA) and VA sufficiency enhanced the sow primary immune responses, expression of gut–mammary gland trafficking molecules, and passive protection of their offspring. Our findings are relevant to understanding the role of VA in the Ab responses to oral attenuated vaccines that are critical for successful maternal vaccination programs against enteric infections in infants and young animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%