Increasing the Efficiency of the Production of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX)

A family of biheterocyclic energetic materials based on 1,3‐diazocyclopentane were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Heats of formation, detonation properties were calculated by isodesmic reactions and Kamlet–Jacobs equations, respectively. The safety parameters associated with impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity were also investigated. It is noteworthy that compounds 5 and 6 possess excellent detonation properties (detonation velocities were 8.89 and 8.66 km s–1; detonation pressures were 35.8 and 32.7 GPa, respectively) and acceptable sensitivities (impact sensitivities were 10 and 13 J; friction sensitivities were 103 and 87 N, respectively). In addition, electronic properties (such as frontier molecular orbitals, electronic densities and electrostatic potentials) of compounds 5 and 6 were also simulated accurately to give an assessment of their physicochemical properties.

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“…Impact sensitivities and friction sensitivities of these compounds were obtained according to ref. [17,18] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Materials Based on 1,3‐Diazocyclopentane

et al. 2018

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“…2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a representative high energy density compound (HEDC) with a better oxygen balance, higher detonation velocity than 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) that are extensively used as high energy explosives. [21][22][23][24] Unfortunately, its high mechanical sensitivity has a negative effect on manufacture and storage, and thus limits its further applications. 25,26 The introduction of cocrystallization to EMs inspired lots of efforts to get CL-20-based cocrystals with tunable physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these forms, 3-CL-20 is the most stable conformation at room conditions. 21,23 Herein, 3-CL-20 was chosen for analysis. In this paper, we constructed the models of pure 3-CL-20, DNDAP, CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on structure, sensitivity and mechanical properties of CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite by molecular dynamics simulation

Duan¹,

Shu²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Moleculardynamics simulation was performed on 2,4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10,, 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane (DNDAP), and CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite under COMPASS force field at different temperatures. The binding energy (E bind ), radial distribution function (RDF), trigger bond length, cohesive energy density (CED) and mechanical properties were studied and compared. The results show that the binding energy of the cocrystal is evidently higher than that of the composite at the same temperature. RDF analysis reveals that hydrogen bonds and vdW forces between CL-20 and DNDAP exist in both CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite, and the interactions in the cocrystal are stronger than those in the composite. The maximum trigger bond length decreases in the order 3-CL-20 > CL-20/DNDAP composite > CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal. Moreover, the rigidity and stiffness of the cocrystal and composite decrease compared to that of CL-20, while the ductility and elasticity are better than that of the two pure components. These results demonstrate that CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal might be very promising in explosive applications.

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Mechanism Improvement and Process Optimization of the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3.7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane from Urea

Zhu

Meng

Liu

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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As a key precursor in the preparation of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) prepared from urea by a modified one‐pot method has a bright future. On the basis of our previous work (Reaction Mechanism of One‐Pot Synthesis of Dinitro Pentamethylene Tetramine, Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, 30 (3), 414–418.) [1], a novel intermediate 3‐nitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane was captured and isolated, and the key reactive intermediate hexahydro‐1‐nitro‐1,3,5‐triazine was directly captured and confirmed by HPLC‐MS. Thus, a modified synthetic mechanism for DPT was elaborated, and based which DPT preparation process was optimized.

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Increasing the Efficiency of the Production of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX)

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Materials Based on 1,3‐Diazocyclopentane

Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Materials Based on 1,3‐Diazocyclopentane

Comparative studies on structure, sensitivity and mechanical properties of CL-20/DNDAP cocrystal and composite by molecular dynamics simulation

Mechanism Improvement and Process Optimization of the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3.7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane from Urea

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