Increasing throughput in x-ray computed tomography measurement of surface topography using sinogram interpolation

Abstract

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that has recently gained interest as a tool to measure surface topography. Large acquisition times are a major shortcoming of XCT. One contributing factor to the acquisition time is that a measurement can require the acquisition of thousands of radiographic projections. This paper explores the combined effects of undersampling, i.e. taking fewer radiographic projections and sinogram interpolation, i.e. estimating the missing radiographic projections by interpolation. Different degrees of sinogram interpolation are investigated through the measurement of the surfaces of a metal, additively manufactured part. The quality of the measurement result is assessed via the analysis of the reconstructed volumes, through the computation of quantitative indicators of spatial resolution and noise, and via the analysis of surface topographies extracted from the reconstructed volumes. The quality of the surfaces is assessed through the use of statistical models designed to estimate repeatability errors in the reconstruction, and through the computation of surface texture parameters. Results obtained with no undersampling and no sinogram interpolation are taken as reference. It is shown that noise in the volumetric reconstruction increases with respect to the reference with larger degrees of undersampling, but the increment can be partly compensated by sinogram interpolation with the effects on spatial resolution more difficult to interpret. The computation of surface texture parameters results in similar values for all but one case, the largest undersampling. The topography of the reconstructions indicate that the repeatability error remains similar in all experimental conditions, excluding the case of largest undersampling. Overall, the results indicate that a reduction of the acquisition time of XCT topography measurement is feasible. However, the obtained surface topographies suffer, and large undersampling creates unrecoverable negative effects on the spatial resolution, the noise characteristics and the obtained topographies, even when sinogram interpolation is used.

Review of high-speed imaging with lab-based x-ray computed tomography

“…However, the training time needed for the algorithm means this method is most suitable for high-throughput testing of similar objects. Körner et al [54] reduced the number of projections by interpolating the missing information from the sinograms and looked at the effect on topography measurements. They showed this method has potential to provide the needed information when reducing the required number of projections by up to 60%.…”

Selection and evaluation of spherical acquisition trajectories for industrial computed tomography

“…air and material peak are easily distinguishable, which is a desired property) and the maximal entropy is reached with a flat histogram where each voxel value is equally likely to occur [75]. The metric has been used for noise quantification in CT reconstructions and showed some advantages over a simple SNR [76,77]. Analogous to this work, we use a normalization factor of the maximal possible entropy given by log 2 ( n ) to yield the dimensionless normalized Shannon entropy, which we will term Shannon entropy for the sake of convenience from now on.…”

Calculation Model of X-Ray Computed Tomography with Density Assessment Function

“…It is an matrix , where is the number of points in the projection and is the number of projections. The quality of the reconstruction of the sections in the computed tomography is determined by the parameters and which are related to the size of the radiation-sensitive element and the step in the angle by the relations (7) ( ', )…”

“…Prospects for the development of computed tomography are currently associated with measuring linear dimensions, areas, volumes, density, porosity, etc. [5][6][7][8]. The tasks of designing computed tomography systems are determined by consumer interests [9][10][11].…”