Independent coding of absolute duration and distance magnitudes in the prefrontal cortex

Marcos, Encarni; Tsujimoto, Satoshi; Genovesio, Aldo

doi:10.1152/jn.00245.2016

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Brody, Hernández, Zainos, and Romo () suggested that the time‐dependent activity in PFC neurons encoded time itself and may be an intrinsic part of active memory maintenance mechanisms. A model of independent coding of absolute duration in the PFC has also been proposed (Marcos, Tsujimoto, & Genovesio, ). These studies support the idea, derived from neuroimaging and lesion studies, that some neurons in the PFC are involved in activity modulation that can distinguish among elapsed time intervals (Genovesio et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Kurosaki

Terasawa

Ibata

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Time estimation in patients with prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage is often inaccurate. The relationship between PFC and estimation of short time intervals has been examined. However, it remains unclear whether PFC damage affects estimation of longer time intervals. Here, we investigated the ability of patients and healthy subjects to verbally estimate a period of 30 min, using a method easily applied in clinical settings. In 99 patients with brain damage, we compared under and normal ranges of time in patients with PFC damage or damage to other brain areas with the chi-squared test. Subsequently, we conducted a discriminant analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis to identify specific brain areas affecting time estimation. We observed a significantly larger number of patients who overestimated 30 min in the group with bilateral PFC damage compared to patients with damage to other regions. Discriminant analysis revealed that damage of right lateral PFC and left medial PFC contributed to discrimination between the normal range and overestimation groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right lateral PFC damage strongly affected overestimation of a 30-min interval. Neuropsychological test results revealed lower general cognitive function scores and orientation scores in overestimation group. The length of estimated time and the score of delayed word recall were negatively correlated. We propose that these may require encoding, maintenance, and updating of memory and are indirectly related to contextual memory. We discuss hypotheses on contextual memory segmentation and reconstruction to clarify the mechanism of impaired time overestimation in PFC-damaged patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Kurosaki

Terasawa

Ibata

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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“…This finding suggests that estimates of surface are distinct from estimates of duration and number, but that duration and number may be more similar to one another. Indeed, neural recording studies in the prefrontal and parietal cortex of non-human primates have revealed overlapping, yet largely separate, representations of duration and size [49, 50], and number and size [51, 52], respectively. Further, while number, size, and time exhibit common activations of the right parietal cortex, they each engage larger networks of regions beyond this area [37, 53, 54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian Perspective on Accumulation in the Magnitude System

Martin

Wiener

Wassenhove

2017

Preprint

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“…The goal of the duration-discrimination task from Genovesio et al 30,47,48 is to compare the duration of two stimuli (S1 and S2) and select the stimulus that was presented for the longest duration. The RNN for this task has four inputs (S1, S2, go-cue for S1/S2 on left/right of screen, go-cue for S1/S2 on right/left of screen) and two outputs to indicate a hand response to either the right or left ( Figure M10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low dimensional dynamics for working memory and time encoding

Cueva

Saez

Marcos

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Our decisions often depend on multiple sensory experiences separated by time delays. The brain can remember these experiences and, simultaneously, estimate the timing between events. To understand the mechanisms underlying working memory and time encoding we analyze neural activity recorded during delays in four experiments on non-human primates. To disambiguate potential mechanisms, we propose two analyses, namely, decoding the passage of time from neural data, and computing the cumulative dimensionality of the neural trajectory over time. Time can be decoded with high precision in tasks where timing information is relevant and with lower precision when irrelevant for performing the task. Neural trajectories are always observed to be low dimensional. These constraints rule out working memory models that rely on constant, sustained activity, and neural networks with high dimensional trajectories, like reservoir networks. Instead, recurrent networks trained with backpropagation capture the time encoding properties and the dimensionality observed in the data.

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Independent coding of absolute duration and distance magnitudes in the prefrontal cortex

Cited by 20 publications

References 75 publications

Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

A Bayesian Perspective on Accumulation in the Magnitude System

Low dimensional dynamics for working memory and time encoding

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