Independent component analysis applied to digital image watermarking

Abstract

The authors propose a new solution to the watermarking of images. This approach uses Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to project the image into a basis with its components as statistically independent as possible. The watermark is then introduced in this representation of the space. Thus, the change of basis is the key of the steganography problem. The algorithm applied to the fragile watermarking problem locates any change in the image since it also applies to the watermark. The problem of robust watermarking is also addressed from this new point of view. Some results are included to illustrate the method.

Independent component analysis in non-hypothesis driven metabolomics: Improvement of pattern discovery and simplification of biological data interpretation demonstrated with plasma samples of exercising humans

“…ICA has been widely and successfully utilized in signal processing [6,7], image feature extraction [8,9], medical imaging [10,11], genomics and protein profiling [12,13], process monitoring [14,15]. ICA can separate the source signals with non-Gaussianity and statistically independent data, thus it has also successfully been applied in the areas of proteomics [13,16,17], transcriptome [18] and metabolomics [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Watermarking Attack: Security of WSS Techniques

“…This use of PCA and ICA in watermarking security analysis is new, as the only other papers mentioning PCA/ICA in the watermarking community have different purposes. González-Serrano et al [8] and Bounkong et al [9] used ICA to design a watermarking embedder. Du et al [10] presented a technique for estimating the watermark by observing only one image.…”

Watermarking security: theory and practice

“…[34] and [35] used ICA to design a watermarking embedder. whole watermark signal and not the disclosure of the secret parameters, whereas the approach here allows a complete access to the watermarking communication channel to remove, read or write hidden data 2 .…”