Independent technical support for the frozen soil barrier installation and operation at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (F1 Site)

Abstract

List of Figures (continued) 14. Frozen soil zone for an individual freeze pipe in a homogeneous medium-grained sand 33 15. Cross-section of frozen soil barrier formed in the DUS Department of Energy Oak Ridge Demonstration 34 16. Expected frozen soil barrier thickness pattern in a relatively homogeneous material 35-36 17. Barrier geometry in a highly heterogeneous setting 36 18. Example phase diagram for the H 2 O-NaCl system 39 19. Depiction of simplified mass balance and water balance calculation to relate fractional freezing effects to downgradient concentration changes 41 20. Scoping calculation of potential fractional freezing effects during barrier formation on downgradient solute concentration 42 21. Simplified fractional freezing projections as a function of time for a monitoring well located a short distance downgradient of a frozen soil barrier 43 22. Diagram of simplified model for "virtual pump test" of frozen soil barrier performance 46 23. Mathematical relationships in the simplified parametric model (no infiltration case) 48 24. Example results for the simplified parametric evaluation (no infiltration case) 49 25. Sketch of hypothetical piezometric surfaces for a uniform barrier (A) and a barrier with an area of leakage (B) 51 26. Examples of commercial channel liner products that can be used to limit infiltration 52 27. Example of a thermal tracer test strategy to identify barrier leaks resulting from flowing water in high permeability (gravel) layers 55 28. Section view conceptual diagram of transmitted and reflected acoustic waves within a frozen-soil barrier 57 29. Plan view conceptual diagram of refracted and transmitted acoustic waves between two boreholes through a frozen soil barrier 58 30. Conceptual diagrams of cross-hole GPR data