Indications for CAS (Computer Assisted Surgery) Systems as Navigation Aid in ENT-Surgery

A Passive‐Marker‐Based Optical System for Computer‐Aided Surgery in Otorhinolaryngology: Development and First Clinical Experiences

“…Initial experiences with CAS in otorhinolaryngologic surgery were gained at the Hospital of the Aachen University of Technology in Germany with such a system using a commercial passive robot arm that was adapted from engineering applications for use in the OR 37 . Two other generations of mechanical digitizers were used in both neurosurgical and otolaryngologic procedures 9‐11,38‐42 . In 1994, Anon et al 43 published the first report of computer‐assisted endoscopic sinus surgery in the United States.…”

Computer‐aided endoscopic sinus surgery

“…In 1991 the Aachen group updated their experiences in a report on 200 surgical procedures 28 . The indications for computer assistance were nasal, paranasal sinus and orbital tumors, skull base procedures, primary and revision paranasal sinus surgery, and acoustic neuromas.…”

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

“…Computer-aided navigation systems ("computer-aided surgery", CAS) are also being used in intraoperative setup more and more frequently nowadays. The surgery was first used in ENT field in the year 1986 (45).…”