Indications of P450 monooxygenase activities in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from patterns of PCB, PCDD and PCDF accumulation

Norstrom, Ross J.; Muir, Derek C.G.; Ford, C.A.; Simon, M.; Macdonald, C.R.; Béland, Pierre

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(92)90119-7

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…the polar bears Bernhoft et al, 1997 . The findings in the current study are consistent with the suggestions of lower ability in cetaceans to metabolize OC compounds compared with seals or Ž polar bears Tanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom et al, . 1992;Norstrom and Muir, 1994;Skaare, 1995 . Some caution must be taken when comparing levels of OC contaminants among geographic areas when they are represented in different studies because of variations in biological parameters of the sampled animals, as well as differences in collection year and season, and inconsistencies in sampling and analytical methods.…”

Section: ( )supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Farland and Clarke, 1989 . However, the PCB pattern also reflects the specific metabolic capacity of cetaceans to metabolize these compounds ŽTanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom et al, 1992;White . et al, 1994;Goksøyr, 1995 .…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kleivane and Skaare, 1998 . Geographical distribution, diet including trophic feeding level, and specific metabolic capacity to degrade OC compounds are probably the main factors explaining the observed interspecific patterns in OC levels. Cetaceans have been found to have a low OC metabolizing ability Ž compared to seals Tanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom . et al, 1992 , which is the most likely explanation for the higher OC levels in Svalbard white whale compared with seals from this area.…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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Ž. Blubber was collected from live-captured, adult male white whales Delphinapterus leucas from Svalbard, Norway, Ž . and analysed for levels and patterns of organochlorine OC contaminants. The OC compounds analysed were HCB, Ž . Ž dieldrin, ⌺HCH ␣-HCH, ␤-HCH and ␥-HCH , ⌺Chl heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-non-. Ž . Ž . achlor, and cis-nonachlor , ⌺DDT ppЈ-DDT, ppЈ-DDE and ppЈ-DDD and ⌺PCB 27 PCB congeners . The major Ž . Ž . OC compounds detected in the blubber were ⌺PCB 5103 " 1874 ngrg l.w. and ⌺DDT 5108 " 1089 ngrg l.w. , Ž . which made up 70% of the ⌺OC. These compounds were followed in prevalence by ⌺Chl 2872 " 1177 ngrg l.w. , which contributed 20% of the ⌺OC burden. ⌺HCH, HCB and dieldrin were present, but at low concentrations. This OC pattern is typical of top predators in Arctic marine food chains. OC levels in white whales from Svalbard are lower than white whales from the St Lawrence River in Canada and are generally similar to values reported previously for other Arctic white whale stocks. Some geographic patterns in relative prevalence of various OC compounds appear to be quite consistent among various marine mammal species in the Arctic. PCB and DDT concentrations in Svalbard's white whales are below the levels that are thought to have negative effects on reproduction or the immune system. ᮊ

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Section: ( )supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In rats, CYP1A1 can metabolize CB-105 and -118 to form 4-OH-CB107 (Gauger et al, 2007;Sjodin, 1998) but additional CYP enzymes may have these catalytic capabilities. PCB residue patterns in cetaceans suggest that CYP2B-type enzyme activity is low (Duinker et al, 1989;Tanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom et al, 1992). Low rates of metabolism of 2,2',5,5'-tetraCB (CB-52) in pilot and beluga whale and low rates of CYP2B-activities in beluga also support this hypothesis (White et al, 1994(White et al, , 2000.…”

Section: -Oh-cb146 3'-oh-cb138 4-oh-cb163 4-oh-cb178 and 4'-oh-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organohalogen contaminants and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebellum gray matter in short-beaked common dolphins and Atlantic white-sided dolphins from the western North Atlantic

Montie

Reddy

Gebbink

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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“…However, polar bears are known to have better metabolic and excretion abilities with respect to OCs compared to cetaceans, partly due to their more recent terrestrial ancestry (Tanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom and Muir, 1994;Skaare, 1995). Cetaceans have been found to have a lower OC metabolising ability compared to seals as well (Tanabe et al, 1988;Norstrom et al, 1992;Murk et al, 1994), although ringed, harbour and harp seals feed at a similar trophic level to white whales (Dahl et al, 2000;Wathne et al, 2000;Andersen et al, 2004). Even though an in vitro study has showed that CHB-26 and -50 are equally resistant to metabolic degradation in all seal and whale species examined (Boon et al, 1998), several other studies have suggested that white whales have lower capacities to metabolise pollutants relative to seals and polar bears.…”

Section: Interspecies Differences Of Chb Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Føreid

Skaare

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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This study reports concentrations of three pesticide toxaphene congeners (CHBs; from the blubber of ten adult, male white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway. The CHB congeners that occurred at the highest levels in the blubber of the white whales were, as expected, CHB-26 (4636 F 1992 (SD) ng/g l.w.) and CHB-50 (6579 F 2214 ng/g l.w.); CHB-62 (232 F 231 ng/g l.w.) was also present, but at much lower concentrations. The mean level of the sum of the three CHBs (ACHBs = 11,447 F 4208 ng/g l.w.) in this study is more than twice the mean concentrations of the well-known organochlorine (OC) pollutants ADDTs (sum of ppV-DDT, ppV-DDE, ppV-DDD) and APCBs (sum of 27 PCB congeners) previously reported from the same individual white whales. The concentrations of CHBs in white whales from Svalbard are at the high end of the range for concentrations of these compounds compared to other Arctic white whale populations. Additionally, the contribution of CHBs to the overall OC burden is larger in white whales from Svalbard compared with their counterparts from other areas in the Arctic. Male white whales from Svalbard have several orders of magnitude higher concentrations of ACHBs compared to seals and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the same area. The high levels of CHBs in these whales, and their dominance in the OC pattern, suggests that white whales in Svalbard are exposed to high levels of this group of contaminants. Further studies are needed to investigate possible effects of CHBs and other OC contaminants on the white whale population in Svalbard. D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Indications of P450 monooxygenase activities in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from patterns of PCB, PCDD and PCDF accumulation

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Organohalogen contaminants and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebellum gray matter in short-beaked common dolphins and Atlantic white-sided dolphins from the western North Atlantic

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

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