Indicators of restoration success in riparian tropical forests using multiple reference ecosystems

Suganuma, Márcio Seiji; Durigan, Giselda

doi:10.1111/rec.12168

Cited by 149 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition, even some general vegetation attributes in tropical forests, such as tree density and density and richness of saplings, may take a longer time to be restored if compared to reference ecosystems (Suganuma and Durigan, 2014). However, our results suggest that soil macrofauna may take less time to be restored [see also (Gomes et al, 2014) for ants] and that this is intrinsically related to the reestablishment of canopy cover and litter deposition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…To answer this question, we investigated changes in macrofaunal community density and diversity in a chronosequence formed by a pasture, planted forests of different ages undergoing active restoration, and a secondary forest remnant as reference. Knowing that edaphic macrofauna responds to changes in vegetation structure during secondary succession, that canopy cover is a widespread indicator of early forest growth (Suganuma and Durigan, 2014), that planted forests are different from second growth forests during the early stages (Brockerhoff et al, 2013), and that great extensions of tropical forests are being actively restored worldwide through plantations, we hypothesized that soil macrofauna changes along with forest development in restoration areas in the Seasonal Semidecidual Forests of the Atlantic Forest biome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil macrofauna density and diversity across a chronosequence of tropical forest restoration in Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2017

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Edaphic macrofauna must be better studied if we want to take advantage of their full potential for the restoration of tropical ecosystems. We investigated changes in edaphic macrofauna density and diversity along a secondary succession chronosequence in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show some clear patterns of change in soil macrofauna along the chronosequence. Density did not increase along secondary succession, but was correlated with canopy cover. Diversity was characterized by high dominance of social insects and evenness among other groups. We conclude soil macrofauna has a high capacity to recolonize young forests and that its recovery is considerably fast compared to other ecosystem transformations.Keywords: edaphic macrofauna, richness, bioindicators, Seasonal Semidecidual Forest. Densidade e diversidade da macrofauna edáfica em uma cronosequência de florestas tropicais em restauração no Sudeste do Brasil ResumoA macrofauna edáfica deve ser mais bem estudada se quisermos aproveitar todo o seu potencial para a restauração de ecossistemas tropicais. Nós investigamos as mudanças de densidade e diversidade da macrofauna edáfica em uma cronossequência durante a sucessão secundária na Mata Atlântica. Nossos resultados mostram padrões claros de mudança. A densidade não aumentou ao longo da sucessão secundária, mas foi correlacionada com a cobertura de dossel. A diversidade foi caracterizada pela alta dominância de insetos sociais e equidade entre os demais grupos. Nós concluímos que a macrofauna edáfica tem alta capacidade de recolonizar florestas jovens e que sua recuperação é relativamente rápida se comparada a outras transformações ecossistêmicas.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil macrofauna density and diversity across a chronosequence of tropical forest restoration in Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…A trajetória dos atributos utilizados neste estudo foi modelada por meio de análises de regressão, em função da idade dos plantios (SUGANUMA; DURIGAN, 2015). O modelo melhor ajustado ao conjunto de dados de cada variável foi selecionado com base nos coeficientes de determinação (ZAR, 1999;LIEBSCH et al, 2008).…”

Section: Análise Dos Dadosunclassified

“…Com base em estudos já desenvolvidos utilizando a mesma base de dados (SUGANUMA, 2013;SUGANUMA;DURIGAN, 2015), foram selecionados os indicadores utilizados neste estudo para avaliar o estado do ecossistema em restauração, assim como os modelos que descrevem sua trajetó-ria temporal (Tabela 1).…”

Section: Análise Dos Dadosunclassified

“…A obtenção dos valores esperados foi possível a partir de estudo anterior (SUGANUMA, 2013;SUGANUMA;DURIGAN, 2015), que modelou as modificações temporais na estrutura, composição e riqueza de matas ciliares em restauração com base em extenso banco de dados de levantamentos da comunidade vegetal, realizados em 26 plantios de matas ciliares com diferentes idades, em região de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Mata Atlântica).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Valores esperados para atributos de florestas ripárias em restauração em diferentes idades

Durigan¹,

Suganuma²,

Melo³

2016

Sci. For.

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ResumoProjetos de restauração florestal vêm se multiplicando nos últimos anos no Brasil, mas ainda persiste a dificuldade em avaliar se o ecossistema, ao longo de sua trajetória temporal, está se desenvolvendo adequadamente ou se está aquém das expectativas. Neste estudo, visamos dar suporte ao monitoramento de matas ciliares em restauração em regiões de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Mata Atlântica), gerando valores esperados para diferentes atributos da comunidade arbórea em cada idade. Os valores de referência foram obtidos por meio de modelos lineares, a partir da amostragem de um conjunto de 26 plantios de restauração em diferentes idades. Selecionamos, como indicadores ecológicos para monitorar o desenvolvimento dos ecossistemas em restauração, atributos que: 1) seguem trajetórias previsíveis ao longo do tempo e 2) representam a evolução estrutural, de riqueza e de restabelecimento de serviços ecossistêmi-cos relevantes. Apresentamos valores esperados para idades desde 4 até 25 anos, para os indicadores: área basal, biomassa aérea, cobertura de copas (por dois métodos distintos), riqueza total (plantadas + regenerantes), riqueza e densidade de regenerantes em duas classes de tamanho. O resultado do estudo é uma ferramenta robusta para avaliar se determinada floresta está se desenvolvendo adequadamente ou se está abaixo do esperado para o tempo decorrido desde o início da restauração, requerendo ações de manejo adaptativo. Esta ferramenta poderá ser aprimorada à medida que novos dados sejam gerados para o tipo florestal estudado e também pode servir de base metodológica para a geração de valores esperados ao longo do tempo para outros tipos de vegetação em restauração.Palavras-chave: indicadores ecológicos, restauração ecológica, monitoramento, modelos lineares, floresta estacional semidecidual, resiliência. AbstractForest restoration projects have increased in number and extension in Brazil in recent years. Notwithstanding, the difficulty in evaluating if the ecosystem undergoing restoration follows an expected trajectory or is under the expectations; this is an obstacle to be overcome. This study aimed at generating expected values for monitoring community attributes of riparian forests over the ages after planting trees. In this region the semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest was the historical vegetation. The reference values were obtained by modeling the trajectories of 26 riparian forests undergoing restoration at different ages. Among the tree community attributes analyzed, we selected as ecological indicators, those that: 1) followed predictable trajectories through time, and 2) represented the recovery of ecosystem structure, richness and relevant ecosystem services. Expected values for forest restoration projects aging from 4 -25 years are presented for the indicators: basal area, aerial biomass, canopy cover (by two different methods), total tree richness (planted + regenerating), density and richness of tree species spontaneously regenerating in two size classes. The result is a robust tool to veri...

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Exotic weeds and fluctuating microclimate can constrain native plant regeneration in urban forest restoration

Wallace

Laughlin

Clarkson

2017

Ecological Applications

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Restoring forest structure and composition is an important component of urban land management, but we lack clear understanding of the mechanisms driving restoration success. Here we studied two indicators of restoration success in temperate rainforests: native tree regeneration and epiphyte colonization. We hypothesized that ecosystem properties such as forest canopy openness, abundance of exotic herbaceous weeds, and the microclimate directly affect the density and diversity of native tree seedlings and epiphytes. Relationships between environmental conditions and the plant community were investigated in 27 restored urban forests spanning 3-70 years in age and in unrestored and remnant urban forests. We used structural equation modelling to determine the direct and indirect drivers of native tree regeneration and epiphyte colonization in the restored forests. Compared to remnant forest, unrestored forest had fewer native canopy tree species, significantly more light reaching the forest floor annually, and higher exotic weed cover. Additionally, epiphyte density was lower and native tree regeneration density was marginally lower in the unrestored forests. In restored forests, light availability was reduced to levels found in remnant forests within 20 years of restoration planting, followed shortly thereafter by declines in herbaceous exotic weeds and reduced fluctuation of relative humidity and soil temperatures. Contrary to expectations, canopy openness was only an indirect driver of tree regeneration and epiphyte colonization, but it directly regulated weed cover and microclimatic fluctuations, both of which directly drove the density and richness of regeneration and epiphyte colonization. Epiphyte density and diversity were also positively related to forest basal area, as large trees provide physical habitat for colonization. These results imply that ecosystem properties change predictably after initial restoration plantings, and that reaching critical thresholds in some ecosystem properties makes conditions suitable for the regeneration of late successional species, which is vital for restoration success and long-term ecosystem sustainability. Abiotic and biotic conditions that promote tree regeneration and epiphyte colonization will likely be present in forests with a basal area ≥27 m /ha. We recommend that urban forest restoration plantings be designed to promote rapid canopy closure to reduce light availability, suppress herbaceous weeds, and stabilize the microclimate.

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Indicators of restoration success in riparian tropical forests using multiple reference ecosystems

Cited by 149 publications

References 58 publications

Soil macrofauna density and diversity across a chronosequence of tropical forest restoration in Southeastern Brazil

Soil macrofauna density and diversity across a chronosequence of tropical forest restoration in Southeastern Brazil

Valores esperados para atributos de florestas ripárias em restauração em diferentes idades

Exotic weeds and fluctuating microclimate can constrain native plant regeneration in urban forest restoration

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