Indigenous Ecuadorians’ Challenges and Attempts to Combat Extractive Industries: A Human Rights-Based Approach

Abstract

Ecuador is remarkably known as the first country that granted natural constitutional rights. However, it still does not guarantee its nature preservation. This Latin American country is also highly dependent on oil. The dilemma of the continuity of the extractive industries emerged in the discussion. This influences indigenous peoples' unmet rights, especially when they are the ones who are directly affected by climate change as forest dwellers. To defend their territories, indigenous people in Ecuador do not stand still. Indigenous rights and sovereignty over their lands are becoming more widely recognized, which may prevent the Amazon from further damage. This research aims to investigate the actions and challenges that Indigenous Ecuadorians must face in combatting extractive industries. The authors use a descriptive qualitative approach and collect data from library research. This study uses a human rights-based approach to analyze the content of this paper. As a result, this research found that Ecuador’s government which plays the duty-bearer is failing and lacking the obligations to protect indigenous rights. On the other side, the indigenous people in Ecuador are thriving to defend their rights by reflecting on the human rights-based approach's five principles: participation, accountability, non-discrimination and equality, empowerment, and legality. Indigenous peoples and environmental groups are not enabling misery or hunger by supporting the environmentally practical measure.

Diplomasi Pertahanan: Kerjasama Intelejen di Asean Our Eyes sebagai Peningkatan Stabilitas Keamanan Asia Tenggara

“…Operasi tersebut meliputi; penyelidikan, pengamatan, pengintaian, penggalangan, dan pengamanan (Mujianto et al 2022). Walaupun hal itu semua jika targetnya adalah manusia maka akan melanggar HAM sesuai yang tercantum dalam Human Right Based Development Approach (HRBA) bertujuan untuk memungkinkan pemegang hak untuk mengklaim dan menggunakan hak-hak mereka dan mengembangkan kemampuan mengemban tugas yang bertanggung jawab untuk menghormati, melindungi, mempromosikan, dan menerapkan hak asasi manusia (Zahidi 2022). Diharap semua bentuk kerjasama intelijen yang sudah dibahas dapat meningkatkan keamanan kawasan regional ASEAN, dari serangan terorisme ataupun pengaruh Radikalisme.…”

Ius Constituendum Formulating Basic Values of Indigenous Peoples in Constitutional Amendments

“…Further research was conducted by (ii) Indrawati and Zahidi (2022) who discussed the existence of MHA when dealing legally with industries related to natural resource management. 6 The novelty of Indrawati and Zahidi's (2022) research is that in Ecuador, there are actually various regulations, especially in the constitution which emphasizes the independence and autonomy of the MHA in relation to industries that exploit natural resources. Further research was conducted by who analyzed the legal theory aspect regarding protection for MHA.…”