Indirect effects of conifer release alternatives on songbird populations in northwestern Ontario

Woodcock, John; Ryder, John P.; Lautenschlager, R. A.; Bell, Frederick W.

doi:10.5558/tfc73107-1

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, as would be expected, foliar arthropods were less abundant (although not statistically so) during that time in herbicide-treated sites than in older naturally regenerated sites and brushsaw-cut plantations. Kostyk et al (1997) and Woodcock (1997) examined the responses of defoliating insects to several conifer release alternatives. Kostyk et al (1997) found that many of the planted conifers, examined two years after treatment, were lightly defoliated by the yellowheaded spruce sawfly (Pikonema alaskensis) and eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana).…”

Section: Terrestrial Invertebrates (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While documenting songbird responses to the same alternative treatments, Woodcock (1997) and Woodcock et al (1997) documented abundance of defoliating insects in the regenerating spruce. Two years after release treatments, spruce budworm biomass (g/tree) was greater in spruce trees growing on control plots than in brushsaw-cut or herbicide-treated plots.…”

Section: Terrestrial Invertebrates (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of work by Woodcock et al (1997Woodcock et al ( , 1998 and Easton and Martin (1998), little new data have been added to the literature documenting effects of herbicides used for forest management on songbird populations. Unlike much previous short-term research, Woodcock et al (1998) examined bird populations pre-treatment and for four years after treating 3.3-12.5-ha plots on four replicated blocks via brushcutting (brushsaws, large cutting machine), two herbicides (glyphosate, triclopyr), and nothing (control).…”

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spot mapping, territory mapping, and mist netting were used to document effects by gender as well as reproductive output. Woodcock et al (1997) recorded 20 to 38 (block-dependent) species, but only 11 species were common enough for statistical comparisons. Results, based on territory mapping, indicated that densities of most, including alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) did not differ among treatments during the first year after release.…”

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In treated plots, woody vegetation was suppressed, and in glyphosate-, and especially triclopyr-treated plots, the developing grasses/sedges that increased in abundance soon after treatment provided foods for seed-eating species (sparrows and finches) (Woodcock et al 1997). The presence of a significantly higher proportion of high shrubs inside territories (~ 20-37%), compared with outside (~15%), seemed to have been the factor influencing area use by alder flycatcher, chestnut-sided warbler, mourning warbler (Oporornis philadelphia), Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), red-eyed vireo, and veery (Catharus fuscescens) (Woodcock et al 1998).…”

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of herbicide treatments on biotic components in regenerating northern forests

Lautenschlager¹,

Sullivan²

2002

The Forestry Chronicle

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We reviewed literature, primarily since 1990, that documents effects of herbicide treatments on major biotic components in northern forested ecosystems. Vegetation changes are responsible for changes in all other biotic components. Non-conifer vegetation is commonly reduced for two to five years following broadcast herbicide treatments. Fungal components, however, seem relatively unaffected. Short-term vegetation reductions in cover, density, and related biomass, if they occur, are species and/or vegetation group specific; longer-term changes are linked to conifer stocking, site quality, and the ability of conifers to dominate treated sites. Herbicide treatments do not reduce, and may increase, stand-and landscape-level plant species richness. Those treatments seldom produce monocultures when used by foresters for boreal or boreal mixedwood management. The active ingredients in the herbicide products used in forestry in northern ecosystems have no direct effect on the general health (survival, growth, reproduction) of animals in treated areas. Specific, stand-level forest management practices, particularly effects of site preparation and conifer release, must be examined in relation to the landscape mosaic and the desired future forest conditions. At broad scales, across boreal and boreal mixedwood ecosystems, conifers have been consistently replaced by hardwoods since Europeans began harvesting timber from those ecosystems. Herbicides provide a safe, effective tool for restoring conifers in previously conifer-dominated ecosystems. Forest scientists presently have a reasonable understanding of effects of a variety of herbicide treatments on conifer growth and a variety of environmental components. However, they need to continually update that understanding relative to treatments (replicates, chemicals, combinations, or timing) that may be used in the future.Key words: amphibians, conifer release, deer, disturbance, environment, glyphosate, herbicides, invertebrates, landscape, moose, reptiles, site preparation, small mammals, songbirds, snowshoe hare, triclopyr, vegetation Nous avons révisé la littérature, principalement depuis 1990, qui documente les effets des traitements phytocides sur les principaux éléments biotiques dans les écosystèmes forestiers nordiques. Les modifications apportées à la végétation sont responsables des changements survenus chez tous les autres éléments biotiques. La végétation non-résineuse est habituellement réduite de deux à cinq ans suivant les traitements d'épandage généralisé de phytocides. Les composantes fongiques, cependant, ne semblent relativement pas affectées. Les réductions à court terme de la végétation au niveau du couvert, de la densité et de la biomasse impliquée, si tel est le cas, touchent spécifiquement certaines espèces ou groupe de plantes; les changements à long terme sont reliés au nombre de semis de résineux, la qualité de la station et la capacité des résineux à dominer dans les sites traités. Les traitements phytocides ne réduisent pas, et pourraient accroîtr...

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Section: Terrestrial Invertebrates (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terrestrial Invertebrates (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Songbirds (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of herbicide treatments on biotic components in regenerating northern forests

Lautenschlager¹,

Sullivan²

2002

The Forestry Chronicle

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Bird assemblages of intensively established pine plantations in Coastal Plain Mississippi

Hanberry¹,

Hanberry²,

Riffell³

et al. 2012

J Wildl Manag

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Pine (Pinus spp.) plantations are a common type of managed forest in the southeastern United States that may supply habitat for early successional bird species, many of which are declining. To provide information about young pine plantations as bird habitat, we evaluated spring bird presence in 5 combinations of stand establishment practices during years 2 through 5 post‐establishment in the Lower Coastal Plain of Mississippi, USA. We detected 38 species with point counts and compared bird metrics among establishment practices using mixed general linear models. Species richness, total relative abundance, and relative abundance of many species were greater by at least a factor of 1.5–4 in the chemical‐only establishment practice than mechanically prepared establishment practices, and values declined by about 5–60% within mechanically prepared establishment practices as herbicide intensity increased. Tree and snag retention contributed to avian abundance and richness in the chemical‐only establishment practice. Our study, in conjunction with past research, demonstrated the conservation value to early successional bird species of managed pine stands established with tree retention, indicating that silvicultural and wildlife habitat objectives can be met within the range of stand establishment treatments available to managers. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.

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Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup® Herbicide

Giesy

Dobson

Solomon

2000

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

611

704

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Indirect effects of conifer release alternatives on songbird populations in northwestern Ontario

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of herbicide treatments on biotic components in regenerating northern forests

Effects of herbicide treatments on biotic components in regenerating northern forests

Bird assemblages of intensively established pine plantations in Coastal Plain Mississippi

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup® Herbicide

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