Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Modified by a NH₂⁺Ion Implantation Technique for Determination of Daunorubicin

Abstract

The effect of surface modification of Indium tin oxide by a NH2+ ion implantation technique has been studied to detect daunorubicin, an anticancer drug. The current was linearly dependent on the scan rate, indicating that the direct electrochemistry of daunorubicin in that case was a surface-controlled electrode process. The NH2/ITO electrode successfully detected the reduction signals of daunorubicin in the linear range of 1.0 × 10−9∼3.0 × 10−6 M and the detection limit was 2.0 × 10−10 M (at S/N = 3). NH2/ITO electrode exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity and good stability, and would be valuable for clinical assay of daunorubicin.

Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Modified by a NH2+ Ion Implantation Technique for Determination of Melamine

“…The XPS spectra for bare ITO and NH 2 /ITO electrodes were published in the literature [28], which were used to confirm the successful formation of NÀH bonds. The XPS spectra in the N 1s region showed a much higher asymmetric peak than that of bare ITO at 399.9 eV, which was attributed to NH 2 groups, suggesting that NH 2 groups were modified on ITO surface.…”

“…Atomic force microscope experiments could furnish the morphological characteristic information about the surface of ITO film. AFM images of bare ITO electrode and NH 2 /ITO electrode were published in literature [28], which illustrated the three dimensional view of the tapping mode image of the bare ITO film (A) and NH 2 /ITO film (B). From the measurements, the surface roughness of the NH 2 /ITO film (2.83 nm) is more than that of the bare ITO film (1.72 nm), which conformed the morphological change of the ITO film after ion implantation.…”

“…Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were employed to characterize the interfacial properties of bare ITO and NH 2 /ITO electrodes. EIS were published in literature [28] at 0.31 V of bare ITO and NH 2 /ITO electrodes in 0.1 M KCl (pH 7.0) containing 1 mM K 3 Fe(CN) 6 and 1 mM K 4 Fe(CN) 6 . The Randles circuit is chosen to fit the impedance data obtained.…”

Review on Air Cathode in Li-Air Batteries

“…Depending on the types of electrolytes, Li-air batteries can be divided into four categories: aprotic [2,3], aqueous [4], solid state [5] and mixed aqueous/aprotic [6,7]. Rapid development of Li-air battery in the past decade resulted in quite a number of sinificant publications on all aspects of Li-air battery, including anode [8], cathode [9,10], electrolyte [11] and overall review [12].…”

“…M-30 is mostly constituted by micro-size pores and macro-/meso-pores which can easily block oxygen diffusion when filled with liquid electrolyte. In addition, these two kinds of pores can also be easily blocked by precipitation of reaction products (such as Li 2 O 2 ) [9,18]. Thus, it can be concluded that the majority of the specific capacity is contributed by inter-particle pores.…”