Individual Biomarkers Using Molecular Personalized Medicine Approaches

Abstract

Molecular personalized medicine tries to generate individual predictive biomarkers to assist doctors in their decision making. These are thought to improve the efficacy and lower the toxicity of a treatment. The molecular basis of the desired high-precision prediction is modern “omex” technologies providing high-throughput bioanalytical methods. These include genomics and epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, imaging, and functional analyses. In most cases, producing big data also requires a complex biomathematical analysis. Using molecular personalized medicine, the conventional physician's check of biomarker results may no longer be sufficient. By contrast, the physician may need to cooperate with the biomathematician to achieve the desired prediction on the basis of the analysis of individual big data typically produced by omex technologies. Identification of individual biomarkers using molecular personalized medicine approaches is thought to allow a decision-making for the precise use of a targeted therapy, selecting the successful therapeutic tool from a panel of preexisting drugs or medical products. This should avoid the treatment of nonresponders and responders that produces intolerable unwanted effects.

The Future of Personalized Medicine in Space: From Observations to Countermeasures

“…Measurement of biomarkers has been used as a tool in personalized medicine to predict the outcome of treatments ( Zenner 2017 ). MicroRNAs represent one such biomarker concept and have emerged as a new tool in disease research due to its cell specificity and stability in blood, urine and saliva ( Turchinovich et al, 2012 ).…”

Personalized medicine: current status and prospects

“…The personalized methods of treatment have gained the widest application in oncology and mainly are based on the application of the inhibitors of tyrosine kinases and other monoclonal antibodies as well as adoptive immunotherapy with T-lymphocytes [15]. The discoveries in the field of target immunotherapy of cancer with the use of T-lymphocytes were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 2018.…”

“…Genetic variants affect the pharmacokinetics of the drugs, that is important at dosing of pharmaceuticals. Mutations of protein genes, responsible for the transport of statins decrease the effectiveness of hypocholesterolemia therapy and in patients with CYP2D6 gene defect the decreased sensitivity to the drug tamoxifen is noted, the latter is used in the treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast carcinomas [15].…”

“…The main vectors for personalized medicine are cancer, obesity, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, psychic disorders, gout etc. [7,15].…”

“…The emergence of personalized medicine is related with the insufficient effectiveness of the conventional methods of treatment, since it is known, in particular, that the efficacy of antidepressants application makes not more than 40 %, antitumor therapy -75 % and efforts of the scientists to predict the effect of pharmaceutical drugs in certain patients [15,24]. To the opinion of scientists, the creation of the large databases according to the results of large population genome investigations will allow to model the transcriptomic profile of drugs [24].…”