Individualismo e colectivismo: fundamentos conceptuais para o estudo intercultural das concepções pessoais de inteligência de estudantes portugueses e romenos

Abstract

A questão-chave do presente artigo centra-se na tentativa de evidenciar o modo como a dimensão de individualismo-colectivismo (IND/COL) – que, nos últimos 20 anos, tem sido preponderantemente utilizada para comparar as sociedades – pode ser operacionalizada, com o objectivo de se conceber uma metodologia adequada para medir e validar estes dois constructos tão controversos e, consequentemente, para indagar a sua relação com aspectos psicológicos do comportamento dos indivíduos, particularmente no que se refere à estruturação e ao desenvolvimento das concepções pessoais de inteligência (CPI). Deste modo, a um nível teórico, analisa-se a influência do IND/COL nas CPI de estudantes portugueses e romenos, partindo do pressuposto de que o contexto cultural em que os indivíduos vivem e agem modela tais concepções e, implicitamente, influencia os respectivos padrões de realização e de desempenho escolar.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.392

Incremental-Entity Personal Conceptions of Intelligence and Individualism-Collectivism in Italian Students

“…This study is in continuity with previous research (Pepi, Faria, & Alesi, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 which examined the personal conceptions of intelligence and the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism in Italian and Portuguese students attending high school and University contexts.…”

“…Students were administered a battery of tests composed by a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Italian version of the Scale of Personal Conceptions of Intelligence (Pepi, Faria, & Alesi, 2007) and the Daily Life Situations Questionnaire (Ciochin & Faria, 2006).…”

“…The internal consistency of the scales yielded alpha coefficients between .72 and .80. The Daily Life Situations Questionnaire -DLSQ (Ciochin & Faria, 2006) …”

“…Specifically, individualistic people tend to focus the conception of "intelligence" on one's motivational attributes such as effort, interest, curiosity; collectivistic people, on the contrary, perceive the intelligence in terms of pragmatic and social factors, "... getting by in society, not committing big mistakes, appearing intelligent in life" (Ciochin & Faria, 2006, p. 1024.…”

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Relational Interdependent Self –Construal scale

“…However, these exist. This means that Portugal, by virtue of a series of events (e.g., establishment of the democratic regime, economic benefits, accession to the European Community), began to assimilate the norms of the individualist life model (Ciochină & Faria, 2006). The change from collectivism to individualism is, in fact, a trend that has been observed in many countries characterized by a framework of economic enrichment (Ciochină & Faria, 2006;Triandis, McCusker, & Hui, 1990).…”