Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session

Fromme, Hermann; Dietrich, S.; Heitmann, Dieter; Dressel, Holger; Diemer, J.; Schulz, Thomas; Jörres, Rudolf A.; Berlin, Knut; Völkel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.017

Cited by 85 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Studies also demonstrated that mainstream and sidestream hookah tobacco smoke contain toxic and carcinogenic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), tobaccospecific nitrosamines, volatile aldehydes, phenols, heavy metals, CO, tar, nicotine, and ultrafine particles (27), (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69). Only one study reported benzene levels in hookah tobacco smoke (27). The experiment was performed in a 57 m 3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and hookah smoking for 4 hours on the second date (27).…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment was performed in a 57 m 3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and hookah smoking for 4 hours on the second date (27). When comparing the 4-hour sampling periods, benzene level increased from 0.11 mg/m 3 to15.0 mg/m 3 , a level well above the average outdoor ambient air concentration of benzene in the United States (0.9 mg/m 3 ) as indicated by data collected by the U.S. EPA from 22 urban nationwide monitoring sites (27,40). Research is needed to quantify benzene in hookah tobacco smoke generated in naturalistic settings, such as hookah lounges and home settings where hookah smoking is practiced.…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzene, a tobacco and charcoal toxic constituent, has been quantified in cigarette and hookah tobacco smoke, and has been assessed as the predominant aromatic compound emitted from glowing charcoal (25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Scientific evidence has established that benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia (30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. We investigated uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers attending hookah social events in naturalistic settings where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively.Methods: We quantified S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a metabolite of benzene, in the urine of 105 hookah smokers and 103 non-smokers. Participants provided spot urine samples the morning of and the morning after attending an indoor hookah-only smoking social event at a hookah lounge or in a private home.Results: Urinary SPMA levels in hookah smokers increased significantly following a hookah social event (P < 0.001). This increase was 4.2 times higher after hookah lounge events (P < 0.001) and 1.9 times higher after home events (P ¼ 0.003). In non-smokers, urinary SPMA levels increased 2.6 times after hookah lounge events (P ¼ 0.055); however, similar urinary SPMA levels were detected before and after home events, possibly indicating chronic exposure to benzene (P ¼ 0.933).Conclusions: Our data provide the first evidence for uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to hookah tobacco secondhand smoke at social events in private homes compared with their counterparts in hookah lounges. Hookah tobacco smoke is a source of benzene exposure, a risk factor for leukemia.Impact: Because there is no safe level of exposure to benzene, our results call for interventions to reduce or prevent hookah tobacco use, regulatory actions to limit hookah-related exposure to toxicants including benzene, initiate labeling of hookah-related products, and include hookah smoking in clean indoor air legislation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2793-809. Ó2014 AACR.

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Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Nowadays, in Lebanon, as in many other countries, waterpipe smoking constitutes a trend; waterpipe active smoking seems to cause several respiratory symptoms and chronic diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and others [13][14][15]. However, few studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of its associated SHS: the observed indoor air pollution by various harmful elements during a waterpipe session is substantial, and the exposure is likely to constitute a serious health hazard [16]. Studies performed in the laboratory [17] and among real life smokers [18] showed that chemical toxicants contained in waterpipe mainstream are numerous, while particularly carbon monoxide seems to be a good marker of exposure when measured in exhaled air [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide and respiratory symptoms in young adult passive smokers: A pilot study comparing waterpipe to cigarette

Zeidan¹,

Rachidi²,

Awada³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: Studies have correlated second hand smoke (SHS) with many diseases, especially respiratory effects. The goal of this study was to measure the impact of SHS on the respiratory symptoms and exhaled carbon monoxide. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 50 young workers in restaurants serving waterpipes, 48 university students who sit frequently in the university cafeteria where cigarette smoking is allowed and 49 university students spending time in places where smoking is not allowed. Subjects completed questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and exposure to SHS. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used when applicable as well as linear and logistic regression analysis. Results: Exposure to cigarette smoke in university (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 6.06) and occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (ORa = 7.08) were predictors of chronic cough. Being married (ORa = 6.40), living near a heavy traffic road (ORa = 9.49) or near a local power generator (ORa = 7.54) appeared responsible for chronic sputum production. Moreover, predictors of chronic allergies were: being male (ORa = 7.81), living near a local power generator (ORa = 5.52) and having a family history of chronic respiratory diseases (ORa = 17.01). Carbon monoxide levels were augmented by the number of weekly hours of occupational exposure to waterpipe smoke (β = 1.46) and the number of daily hours of exposure to cigarette smoke (β = 1.14). Conclusions: In summary, young non-smoker subjects demonstrated more chronic cough and elevated carbon monoxide levels when exposed to SHS while the effect of waterpipe was even more evident.

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“…Since the brain and the heart may get severely affected by CO exposures with COHb levels exceeding 20 % (Prockop and Chichkova 2007), certainly pregnant women and individuals suffering from cardiac diseases should refrain from smoking waterpipes as excessive amounts of this gas might get inhaled during an average waterpipe session. Further, pregnant women should also avoid working or lingering in so-called shisha lounges since high concentrations of carbon monoxide may accumulate in secluded rooms containing active waterpipes (Fromme et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe smoking: a new tobacco pandemic entailing severe health risks?

Luch

2012

Arch Toxicol

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Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session

Cited by 85 publications

References 24 publications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Carbon monoxide and respiratory symptoms in young adult passive smokers: A pilot study comparing waterpipe to cigarette

Waterpipe smoking: a new tobacco pandemic entailing severe health risks?

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