“…The hybrid GSA–ANN algorithm can be compared with previous works [ 9 , 30 , 39 , 46 , 51 , 53 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ] in terms of localization or distance error to validate our proposed system. Similar studies based on different soft computing techniques were considered for the purposes of comparison.…”