Indoor radon variations in central Iran and its geostatistical map

Hadad, Kamal; Mokhtari, J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.013

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During a study by WHO in 36 countries, the reference level of radon for the existing buildings was between 200–400 Bq/m 3 ( 6 ). The concentrations of radon gas in the indoor air of residential buildings in Finland ( 12 ), Cyprus ( 13 ), Russia ( 14 ), Germany ( 15 ), Romania ( 16 ), Spain ( 16 ), Vietnam ( 17 ), India ( 18 ), Turkey ( 19 ), Saudi Arabia ( 20 ), Babolsar ( 21 ), Gonabad ( 21 ), Yazd ( 22 ), and Tehran (Ekbatan Housing Complex) ( 23 ) were found to be 155, 6.2, 102.8, 52, 400, 2650, 366, 7–100, 46 ± 26, 9–98, 130, 35 ± 83, 79 ± 3, 137.36 ± 149.5, and 18.4 Bq/m 3 , respectively. Based on extensive studies at Ramsar region in Iran, the annual effective dose for an individual was reported as 2.48–71.74 mSv/y, which is much more than the dose received from natural sources ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the residential radon levels and the annual effective dose in dwellings of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015

Yarahmadi¹,

Shahsavani²,

Mahmoudian³

et al. 2016

Electron physician

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IntroductionRadon is the second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking. Thus, the determination of indoor radon concentrations in dwellings and workplaces is an important public health concern. The purpose of this research was to measure the concentration of radon gas in residential homes and public places in the city of Shiraz and its relationship with the type and age of the buildings as well as the type of materials used to construct the building (brick, block). We also determined the radon dosages that occupants of the building would receive.MethodsThe present study is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research that was conducted on the building’s indoor air in the city of Shiraz in 2015. Using geographic information system (GIS) software and a spatial sampling cell with an area of 25 square kilometers, 200 points were selected. In this study, we used passive diffusive samplers as Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) CR-39 polycarbonate films for three months in the winter. Sampling was conducted in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s protocol. We determined the concentrations of radon gas at the time of sampling, and calibration factors were determined. The data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS, version 20, descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsThis study showed that the average radon concentration was 57.6 ± 33.06 Bq/m3 in residential dwellings. The average effective dose was 1.45 mSv/y. The concentration of radon in 5.4% of the houses was found to be greater than 100 Bq/m3, which is above the level allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO).ConclusionSince radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, it seems necessary to increase the public’s awareness of this issue and to take action to reduce radon in homes when the concentrations are above the WHO’s guideline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the residential radon levels and the annual effective dose in dwellings of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015

Yarahmadi¹,

Shahsavani²,

Mahmoudian³

et al. 2016

Electron physician

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“…Periodic calculation of this index and evaluation of its trend can better assess the effectiveness of health interventions on increased healthy life expectancy (HLE), in addition to describing cancer status. Hadad and Mokhtari, 2015) environmental exposure to tobacco smoke, especially in women with smoker spouses (Mojibyan et al, 2013), given the role of these factors in lung cancer (Khan, 2000;Pirsaheb et al, 2013). Evaluation of the accuracy of the issued death certificates in terms of possible misclassification and report of pulmonary metastases as a cause of death is also recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Adult Cancer Mortality in Yazd (2004-2010)

Mehrara¹,

Mirzadeh²,

Mirzaei³

2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Despite achievements in controlling and preventing infectious diseases in recent decades, the incidence of chronic diseases, especially cancer, follows an increasing trend due to aging of populations, changes in lifestyle, increased smoking, immobility, and poor diet, which will double the burden of the disease (Etemadi et al., 2008;Thun et al., 2010;Keyghobadi et al., 2015;Zahedi et al., 2015). Therefore, studies on the incidence of cancer and cancer-induced mortalities in different geographical areas with different cultures can help in identification of factors affecting the incidence of cancer.A total of 14.9 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths from cancer occurred in 2013, and 196.3 million Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of people's life was lost. Developing countries contribute to 62% of cancer-induced mortalities and 70% of years of life lost (YLL) (Lozano et al., 2012;Fitzmaurice et al., 2015). Cancer is the second and the third cause of death in developed countries and the world, respectively. Despite improved preventive measures and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, it has rised by more AbstractThe number of deaths is often measured to monitor the population health status and priority of health problems. However, number of years of life lost (YLL) is a more appropriate indicator in some cases. We have calculated the YLL of adult cancers and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Data obtained from death registration system were used to calculate the YLL, based on each individual's age at death, and the standardized expected YLL method was applied with a discount rate of 0.03, an age weight of 0.04, and a correction factor of 0.165. All data were analyzed and prepared in Epi6 and Excel 2007. A total of 3,850 death records were analyzed. Some 550 patients in Yazd province aged ≥20 die annually due to cancer (male: female ratio 1.3). The average ages at death in lung, CNS, breast cancer and leukemia cases were 68.5, 59, 58.7 and 61, respectively. The age group of 40-59 with 21 % had the highest cancer mortality percentage. Premature cancer deaths have caused 40,753 YLL (5,823 YLL annually). Females lose on average more life years to cancer than do men (11.6 vs 9.8 years). Lung cancer (12.1%), CNS tumors (11.7%) and leukemia (11.4 %) were the leading causes terms of YLL due to all cancers in both sexes. From 2004 to 2010, cancer-caused YLL as a fraction of all YLL increased from 12.8 to 15.2 %. This study can help in the assessment of health care needs and prioritization. Cancer is the major cause of deaths and the trend is increasing. The use of YLLs is a better index for measurement of premature mortality for ranking of diseases than is death counts. Longer periods of observation will make these trends more robust and will help to evaluate and develop, better public health interventions.

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“…The study showed that the annual effective dose of students was 0.83 mSv [30].The study on concentrations of indoor radon in central Iran indicates that despite few extraordinary high concentrations, average annual concentrations of indoor radon are within ICRP guidelines. The authors have used passive diffusive samplers with LATEX polycarbonate films as Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gamma Radiation in Primary Schools of Zanjan Province

Mehrasbi

Saghatchi

Zahra

et al. 2016

J. Hum. Environ. Health Promot.

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Background: Environmental gamma ray refers to the gamma radiation from terrestrial sources and building materials. In enclosed spaces radiation can become a health hazard leading to potential increase in the rates of lung cancer. The goal of this study is to assess the exposure to natural gamma radiation of children in the schools of Zanjan province. Method: The natural gamma radiation was assessed in 46 primary schools of Zanjan province. A total number of 75 classrooms were studied. The measurements were performed in classrooms and schoolyards using a Geiger-Muller detector (RDS-110). Alongside radiation measurements, all the data corresponding to the characteristics of each school building were collected. Results: The results showed that the outdoor dose rate ranged from 82 to 106nSv h-1 while gamma dose rate due to inside classrooms ranged from 106 to 137nSvh-1. The findings represented that the highest indoor gamma dose rate belonged to the buildings of more than 30 years and metal frame and brick (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that the effective dose due to gamma radiation from terrestrial sources and building materials for students of primary schools in Zanjan province (0.83 mSv) was higher than worldwide average of the annual effective dose (0.48 mSv).

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Indoor radon variations in central Iran and its geostatistical map

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Estimation of the residential radon levels and the annual effective dose in dwellings of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015

Estimation of the residential radon levels and the annual effective dose in dwellings of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015

Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Adult Cancer Mortality in Yazd (2004-2010)

Natural Gamma Radiation in Primary Schools of Zanjan Province

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