Induced Electroactive Response of Hydroxyapatite: A Review

Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong

“…At elevated temperatures (>200 °C), the H + ions at the OH − site tend to dissociate and become mobile. 803 Liu et al 804 reported a strategy for increasing proton conductivity of hydroxyapatite by aligning proton conductive pathways and eliminating resistive grain boundaries. Hydroxyapatite membranes were prepared through multistage crystallization onto Pd metal as the substrate: (1) electrochemical deposition of hydroxyapatite seeds, (2) secondary hydrothermal crystallization onto the seed layer to promote c -axis growth normal to the substrate, and (3) tertiary hydrothermal crystallization to promote a -axis growth to fill the gaps between the aligned crystals.…”

Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

“…Recently, an interest in both electric/dielectric [301,[373][374][375][376][377][378][379][380][381][382][383][384][385] and piezoelectric [386,387] properties of CaPO 4 bioceramics has been expressed. In addition, some types of CaPO 4 bioceramics (namely, HA) appear to be electrets [388,389]. An electret is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electric charge or dipole polarization.…”

“…The conductivity mechanism of CDHA appeared to be multiple [380]. Furthermore, there are attempts to develop HA and/or CDHA electrets for biomedical utilization [379,388,389].…”

“…There is an interesting study on the interaction of a blood coagulation factor on electrically polarized HA surfaces [418]. Further details on the electric properties of CaPO 4 -based bioceramics are available in the literature [301,383,384,389].…”

Hydroxyapatite coatings: a critical review on electrodeposition parametric variations influencing crystal facet orientation towards enhanced electrochemical sensing

“…Relevant HAp reviews have been published discussing the myriad synthetic and coating routes, 9,39,40 and the fabrication of deformable ultralong HAp nanowires, 41 along the line of application in the biomedical [42][43][44] and pharmaceutical fields, 4 and in the adsorptive removal of lead 45 and dyes. 46 Additionally, comprehensive reviews have been reported on adhesion quality towards bio-metallic substrates, 47 electrical nature of HAp, [48][49][50] heterogeneous organocatalytic aspects of HAp with emphasis on stability and reusability, 51 and specifically on cationic, anionic, and multi-ionic substitutions of the lattice atoms of HAp. 52 In the field of electrodeposition, a general review of electrodeposited biocoatings 53 and a review focusing on the influence of applied current have been reported.…”