Induced Systemic Resistance in Two Genotypes of <i>Brassica napus</i> (AACC) and <i>Raphanus oleracea</i> (RRCC) by <i>Trichoderma</i> Isolates against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Abstract

Two different species, Trichoderma viride TV10 and Trichoderma harzianum TH12 from 30 Trichoderma isolates were selected out based on their high growth inhibition of the phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, which reached 84.44% and 100%, respectively. Their untreated culture filtrates (CF) and culture filtrates treated with heat (CFH) also were tested for growth inhibition of the pathogen in potato dextrose agar (PDA). Morphological and molecular characterisation by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR provided consistent identification of these isolates. The degree of infection and disease index (DI) of S. sclerotiorum were examined in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RR) and Brassica alboglabra (CC). The results revealed that Raphanus alboglabra showed higher disease resistance than that of B. napus. Biotic elecitors T. harzianum TH12 and T. viride TV10 and their CF and CFH demonstrated the ability to cause induced systemic resistance (ISR) in B. napus and Raphanus alboglabra against sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) disease. Furthermore, a high ability to reduce the degree of infection and DI in B. napus with the biotic elicitors T. harzianum TH12 and T. viride TV10 was observed, with numbers reaching 7.22% to 6.67% and 17.78% to 11.67%, respectively. When CF were used, reached 20.00% to 16.67% and 33.33% to 23.33%, respectively; with CFH, values reached 35.00% to 21.67% and 37.78% to 28.33%, respectively. While in Raphanus alboglabra the degree of infection and DI * Corresponding authors. J. T. Alkooranee et al. 1663reached 0.00% and 0.00% with all biotic elicitors treatments. These results show that biotic elicitor treatments significantly (P < 0.05) can increase the fresh and dry weights of both roots and shoots as well as plant height compared with controls. The TH12 treatment in B. napus and Raphanus alboglabra ranked as most effective. This study showed for the first time the ability of genotype Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) to demonstrate resistance against S. sclerotiorum with or without treatment by biotic elicitors and the ability of genotype B. napus (AACC) to demonstrate resistance to the pathogen after treatment with biotic elicitors.

Tomato Domestication Attenuated Responsiveness to a Beneficial Soil Microbe for Plant Growth Promotion and Induction of Systemic Resistance to Foliar Pathogens

“…Many studies have demonstrated that plant genotype can affect the expression of induced resistance mediated by biological (Martinelli et al, 1993;Korolev et al, 2008;Banani et al, 2014;Alkooranee et al, 2015;Hossain and Sultana, 2015;Prashar and Vandenberg, 2017;Samain et al, 2019;Adam, 2020) and chemical (Herman et al, 2007;Ishikawa et al, 2007;Sharma et al, 2010Sharma et al, , 2012Walters et al, 2011;Cordova-Campos et al, 2012;Banani et al, 2014;Pawlowski et al, 2016) inducers in a wide variety of crops. Therefore, it is not surprising that like Tucci et al (2011), we observed genetic differences in ISR by Trichoderma against Botrytis.…”

Glucosinolate Profiling and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes Differentiate White Mold Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines

“…Experimental evidence has suggested that resistance against necrotrophic pathogens could be modulated by the jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathway [63,64,65,66]. Since S. sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungus, it is therefore likely that either the JA or ET signaling pathway might be involved in the resistance response of cabbage lines [67,68]. Another study also found a similar association between CYP81F2 expression and GBS levels in B. oleracea [69].…”

“…Control plants remained undisturbed, whereas mock-treatment was done with mycelium-free agar plugs. Two inoculation procedures described in Zhao and Meng [74,75] and Yu et al [67] were used, with modifications (Table S6), to assess resistance to S. sclerotiorum . The first procedure was inoculation of the third leaf of ninth-leaf-stage plants with mycelial agar plugs in a growth chamber, to evaluate leaf resistance.…”

Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) improvement by biological activity of root endophytic fungi

“…After infection with Xcc, we quantified a decrease in the harmful effect of the bacteria on B. oleracea plants preinoculated with Trichoderma sp. The ability of different Trichoderma species to activate plant systemic resistance against different pathogens has been widely proven in various plant species 49 , including Brassica plants as B. napus with T. harzianum 50,51 or T. viride 52 , B. rapa with T. pseudokoningii 53 , and even B. oleracea var. capitate with T. harzianum against Rhizoctonia solani 54 .…”