Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 participate in anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the natural marine compound lemnalol from Formosan soft coral Lemnalia cervicorni

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Marine-Derived Compound Comaparvin Isolated from the Crinoid Comanthus bennetti

“…iNOS plays an important pathophysiological role in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses [25,29]. Our previous study [29] used the rat model of carrageenan-induced paw edema to show that the anti-LPS-induced iNOS properties of lemnalol, extracted from the soft coral Lemnalia cervicorni, can also reduce carrageenan-induced expression of pro-inflammatory iNOS protein, leukocyte infiltration in inflamed tissue, and thermal hyperalgesia, thereby inhibiting paw edema. Moreover, Huang et al [25] found that sinularin obtained from the soft coral Sinularia querciformis inhibits LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS expression in macrophages and attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses in rats.…”

“…For histopathologic examination, we modified the method from our previous studies [25,29]. Rats were sacrificed with PBS and 4% paraformaldehyde 24 h after carrageenan injection.…”

“…Western blotting was carried out as described in our previous studies [25,29]. Cell pellets were collected by washing with ice-cold PBS and were lysed in 4 °C lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 100 μg/mL PMSF, 1 μg/mL aprotinin).…”

Fractionated Trapa japonica Extracts Inhibit ROS-induced Skin Inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes

“…이와 같이 염증반응은 자 외선을 비롯한 외부 자극으로부터 인체를 보호하는 중요한 역할을 하지만 이러한 과정이 반복되거나 정 도가 과도할 경우 피부에 2차적인 손상을 입힐 수 있 다. 예를 들어 자외선 손상에 의한 염증반응 과정에서 생성된 효소인 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS)는 각각 prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) 와 nitric oxide (NO)를 생성하여 조직 손상 및 유전자 변이를 일으킴과 동시에 [9][10][11][12], 피부 속에 존재하는 콜 라겐 섬유와 탄력 섬유를 분해하여 염증반응에 의한 광노화를 촉진시킨다 [13].…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Mixture of Sorbus commixta, Urtica dioica, Phyllostachys nigra, and Rhus semialata Gall Extracts on LPS-induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells

“…iNOS에 의해 생성된 NO는 조직 손상, 유전자 변이 등 의 염증을 유발하고, 염증반응 부위에서 발견되는 COX-2는 염증 유발 사이토카인, 세포성장인자, 암세 포촉진인자, 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 등에 의하여 일시적으로 발현되어 염증 매개물질인 PGE2를 형성시킨다 [11][12][13][14]. 확인하였다 (Figure 4a, b, p < 0.01).…”