Inducing polymer waste biodegradation using oxo-prodegradant and thermoplastic starch based additives

Al–Salem, S.M.; Kishk, Mohamed; Karam, H. J.; Al-Qassimi, Masumah; Al-Wadi, Majed Hameed; Al-Shemmari, A. J.

doi:10.1007/s10965-021-02457-6

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Typically, the aim is to strike a balance between the amount of hydrogen used and the composition of the resulting distillates in industry. Efforts that will combine various aspects of chemical recycling, including thermochemical conversion (TCC), biodegradation (e.g., use of bioplastics), and solvent use, could be combined in integrated efforts to support the downstream industry. ,− This will have both an operation and an environmental impact, with future industrial plans to reduce pollutants and the carbon footprint of processing energy distillates. The work conducted herein shows that hydrogen consumption was minimal for hydrogenating olefins and aromatics, removing sulfur and nitrogen via hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, and forming H 2 S and NH 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Hafeez,

Van Haute,

Manos

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Upgrading fuels is an essential requirement to reach environmental specifications, namely, in removing sour components deemed hazardous nowadays and that cause fouling and disturb operations in downstream industry too. A lack of studies that report fundamental data also exist in the literature, as to the impact of hydrotreatment on thermochemical conversion products of plastics. We hereby report for the first time in this communication the effect of hydrotreatment on the products of plastic pyrolysis. Two types of pyrolysis products, oils and wax, were extracted from fluidized bed reactor pilot-plant operations at two operating temperatures (600 and 700 °C). These were subjected to hydrotreatment in a batch reactor over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for 6–8 h. Dependent upon the sample type, the hydrotreatment temperature reached 350 °C and was initialized at 140 °C. The hydrotreatment reactor handles a 180 barg pressure, and the operating pressure was kept steady in operation during measurements. The pressure rates (0.29–0.62 bar h–1), which decreased with the temperature (140–200 °C), were also recorded. The olefinic compounds were saturated from wax post-hydrotreatment and detected by alteration of carbon singular and double bond existence. Naphthalene and paraffins were also eliminated from oils treated, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and chromatography. The conversion during the hydrotreatment reduced the reactivity of the pyrolysis oil and promoted the production of diesel and kerosene production. It is therefore recommended to extend these types of studies using different catalysts that can provide environmental specifications to fuels with minimal costs in the near future as an essential route for integrated operations in industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Hafeez,

Van Haute,

Manos

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Study of the Degradation Behaviour of Virgin and Biodegradable Plastic Films in Marine Environment Using ASTM D 6691

Al–Salem

2021

J Polym Environ

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Biodegradable plastics have been introduced to the global market with a potential increase in their production and consumption rate, as a means to minimise the accumulation of solid waste namely plastic litter. However, their behaviour under marine environments is still a subject that is vague and requires technical efforts to assess. In this work, aerobic mineralisation as a means to determine the degradation of virgin and biodegradable plastics, was determined following the protocols stipulated in the test method of ASTM D 6691. The materials which were compounded with either virgin or waste base polymers, represents the most common types of biodegradables on the market. Controlled laboratory conditions were used to simulate marine environments and study the degradation rate in such media following the testing protocols. Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with oxo-prodegradants and thermoplastics starch (TPS) blends were used, and similar blends were also exposed to the same conditions with plastic waste blends. The mineralisation rate which indicates biodegradation in the case of biodegradable plastics, was the highest for the TPS and plastic waste polymers. TPS showed a mineralisation rate of 49.7% after 82 days of exposure extending to almost total degradation after three months (85%). The mineralisation order was as per the following: TPS > LLDPE > PSW/PDQ-M > PSW > LLDPE/PDQ-M > LLDPE/TPS > PSW/TPS. The work presented herein can be used by various regulatory bodies for control of use and production of biodegradables, since their sources are of terrestrial nature but their impact is evidently on all environmental sinks including marine and water bodies.

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Soil quality of simulated landfill exposure to plastics in context of heavy metal analysis

Al–Salem

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Inducing polymer waste biodegradation using oxo-prodegradant and thermoplastic starch based additives

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Study of the Degradation Behaviour of Virgin and Biodegradable Plastic Films in Marine Environment Using ASTM D 6691

Soil quality of simulated landfill exposure to plastics in context of heavy metal analysis

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Inducing polymer waste biodegradation using oxo-prodegradant and thermoplastic starch based additives

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Study of the Degradation Behaviour of Virgin and Biodegradable Plastic Films in Marine Environment Using ASTM D 6691

Soil quality of simulated landfill exposure to plastics in context of heavy metal analysis

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Product

Resources

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Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax

Hydrotreatment over the Pt/Al₂O₃ Catalyst of Polyethylene-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Wax