Induction and Biochemical Parameters of Callus Growth from Three Peanut Cultivars1

Abstract

The phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid and kinetin nave been employed to induce callus growth from the cotyledon tissue of three commercial peanut cultivars: ‘Early Bunch’ (EB), ‘NC-Fla 14’ (NC) and ‘Florunner’ (FR). Cultivar specific parameters have been examined for both cotyledon and callus tissue. The relative growth rates of callus tissues were always EB>NC>FR. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed on the proteins from both types of tissue demonstrated mat most cultivar specific differences seen in cotyledon tissue are maintained by callus tissue from the same plant. However, more high molecular weight protein fractions were observed in cotyledon tissue than in callus. Amino acid analysis of these tissues revealed a higher concentration of neutral and aromatic amino acids in cotyledon while callus tissue was higher in basic amino acids.

Speciation, Cytogenetics, and Utilization of Arachis Species

“…Callus is generally easy to produce in Arachis but plant regeneration is difficult. Peanut cotyledons have been used to define biochemical parameters for callus growth in cultivars (Verma and van Huystee, 1971;Verma and Marcus, 1974;Russo and Varnell, 1978;Guy et al, 1978). However, regeneration of plants from cotyledon callus of peanuts has not been obtained.…”

In Vitro Culture of Immature Peanut (Arachis spp.) Leaves: Morphogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration1,2

“…The growth factors needed for the generation of callus from peanut plant tissue have been described by Joshi and Noggle (14), Joshi and Ball (13), Kumar (16), and Guy et al (10). Martin (19) and Martin and Rabechault (20) describe growth factors for culturing peanut ovules or anthers in which limited success was obtained.…”

Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Organogenesis and multiple bud formation (Illingsworth 1968, Guy et al 1978, Sastfi et al 1982, Narasimhulu and Reddy 1983, Bhatia et al 1985, Mhatre et al 1985, Seitz et al 1987, McKently et al 1990, 1991 and recently somatic embryogenesis have been reported in drachis (Hazra et al 1989, Ozias-Akins 1989. The aim of presented communication, was the induction of somatic embryos from immature cotyledons and embryonal axis of ,4. hypogaea and the establishment of the embryo-derived plants in the field.…”