Induction of synaptic extracellular matrix molecules at ectopic neuromuscular junctions

Ko, Chien‐Ping; Folsom, Debra Brown

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(90)90131-h

Developmental Brain Research

1990

DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(90)90131-h

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Induction of synaptic extracellular matrix molecules at ectopic neuromuscular junctions

Chien‐Ping Ko¹,

Debra Brown Folsom²

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1991

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…In frog skeletal muscles, we have found that peanut agglutinin (PNA), which recognizes D-galactose+( 1-3)N-acetylgalactosamine (Lotan et al, 1975), is the most specific lectin probe for NMJs (Ko, 1987, 199 1). Electron microscopic studies using HRP-labeled PNA (HRP-PNA) have revealed that PNAbinding molecules (PNA-BMs) are located in the ECM in the synaptic cleft and junctional folds and around Schwann cells at the NMJ (Ko, 1987;Ko and Folsom, 1990;Somasekhar and Ko, 199 1). In addition, fluorescently labeled PNA does not affect synaptic transmission and may be used as a vital probe for living frog NMJs (Ko, 1987).…”

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The remodeling of synaptic extracellular matrix and its dynamic relationship with nerve terminals at living frog neuromuscular junctions

Chen

Folsom

1991

J. Neurosci.

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The question of whether the synaptic extracellular matrix undergoes remodeling and how this remodeling is related to nerve terminal plasticity was examined in living neuromuscular junctions of adult frogs. Sartorius muscles were double stained with a fluorescent nerve terminal dye 4-(4-diethylamino-styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (4-Di-2-Asp) and rhodamine-tagged peanut agglutinin (PNA) which recognizes synaptic extracellular matrix. Both nerve terminals and synaptic extracellular matrix in 200 identified normal junctions were visualized in vivo two or three times over a period of 2.6-6 months. The majority of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) showed remodeling of both nerve terminals and synaptic extracellular matrix. Only 2.5% showed no changes in either synaptic element. The most commonly seen remodeling involved correlated changes in both nerve terminals and synaptic extracellular matrix. In this large group, while some junctions (20%) showed overall proportionate changes in all branches, most junctions (68%) showed disproportionate extension and/or retraction of some but not all individual branches. Another group of NMJs (9.5%) showed mismatched changes in the nerve terminal and synaptic extracellular matrix. In this group, some NMJs showed a decrease in the nerve terminal length without a corresponding reduction in synaptic extracellular matrix length. In other junctions that displayed extension of branches, the PNA-stained matrix was longer than the distal tip of the nerve terminal. Morphometric analysis indicated an average increase of 15.6% in total nerve terminal length and 13.6% in total synaptic extracellular matrix length. Although almost all NMJs displayed remodeling in at least one branch, about 50% of the 2201 individual branches examined did not show changes. The average change was 8.9% growth in the length of individual nerve terminal branches and 8.3% growth in the length of individual branches of synaptic extracellular matrix. There was no significant difference in the morphometry between the repeatedly observed junctions and the previously unobserved control junctions. Furthermore, junctions in which the synaptic extracellular matrix was longer than the nerve terminal also were seen in control as well as in experimental muscles. Cases where the nerve terminals were longer than the synaptic extracellular matrix were never observed in newly arising junctional branches. The present study has shown extensive remodeling in not only the nerve terminal but also the synaptic extracellular matrix in adult living frog NMJs. Results suggest that nerve terminals retract before the synaptic extracellular matrix. A hypothesis that extension of synaptic extracellular matrix precedes nerve terminal growth during synaptic remodeling is proposed.

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The remodeling of synaptic extracellular matrix and its dynamic relationship with nerve terminals at living frog neuromuscular junctions

Chen

Folsom

1991

J. Neurosci.

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Effects of denervation on the distribution of peanut agglutinin binding molecules in frog muscles

Somasekhar

1991

J Neurocytol

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The extracellular matrix has been shown to play an important role in the differentiation of neuromuscular junctions during reinnervation in frogs. Peanut agglutinin, a lectin, is known to specifically bind to some glycoconjugates in the extracellular matrix at the frog neuromuscular junction and myotendinous junction. In order to determine if innervation has any role in regulating the specific binding of peanut agglutinin at neuromuscular junctions and myotendinous junctions, the distribution of peanut agglutinin binding was examined in muscles chronically denervated for various periods. Short-term denervated muscles (less than or equal to 2 months) showed no changes in peanut binding agglutinin binding at neuromuscular junctions and no extrajunctional binding. In contrast, long-term denervation (greater than 2 months - 7.5 months) resulted in altered peanut agglutinin distribution and a substantial reduction or a total loss in its binding at denervated neuromuscular junctions; binding at myotendinous junctions was not affected. Results of electron microscopic studies suggest that the presence of Schwann cells at denervated endplates delays the loss of peanut agglutinin binding. Reinnervation restores normal peanut agglutinin binding at neuromuscular junctions following long-term denervation. This report demonstrates that although the distribution of peanut agglutinin binding molecules is unchanged short-term denervation, intact innervation is necessary for the long-term maintenance of these molecules at neuromuscular junctions.

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Induction of synaptic extracellular matrix molecules at ectopic neuromuscular junctions

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

The remodeling of synaptic extracellular matrix and its dynamic relationship with nerve terminals at living frog neuromuscular junctions

The remodeling of synaptic extracellular matrix and its dynamic relationship with nerve terminals at living frog neuromuscular junctions

Effects of denervation on the distribution of peanut agglutinin binding molecules in frog muscles

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