Industrial Emissions and Asthma Prevalence

Abstract

The pathogenesis of asthma is multifactorial and not completely understood; however, it is considered a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the airways and has a clinical development of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The prevalence of asthma has increased drastically during the past few decades. Urban air pollution from industrial emissions has been implicated as one of the major factors responsible for this increase. The objective of this paper was to analyze the impact of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the overall prevalence of asthma for adults and children. The statistical analysis was conducted using SAS statistical software to determine multiple comparison tests for asthma prevalence among years, ages, ethnicities, and gender, and emissions of SO2, NOx, and CO2 among regions and years. Moreover, SAS was utilized to estimate fully parametric regression models for emission density on total asthma prevalence, child asthma, and adult asthma. In our investigation of asthma prevalence, blacks, females, and children were found to have the highest incidence of asthma. Industrial emissions of SO2, NOx, and CO2 were analyzed, and CO2 had the largest emissions, followed by SO2, and lastly NOx. NOx had the highest correlation with asthma prevalence in child and adult asthma; however, when the influence of SO2, NOx, and CO2 on the overall asthma rate was investigated, CO2 showed the highest correlation. Furthermore, children exposed to SO2, NOx, and CO2 were found to have an increased risk of asthma when compared to adults. This adds to evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with asthma and that more needs to be done to decrease industrial air pollution.

Carbon dioxide as an indicator of bioaerosol activity and human health in K-12 school systems: a scoping review of current knowledge

“…Few studies have noted that the CO 2 levels of 600-800 ppm indicate inadequate ventilation rates [98,99]. Exposure to higher CO 2 concentrations is associated with asthma [100,101], reduced work performance, and increased harmful health symptoms [102]. Shendell et al reported the association of student absences with CO 2 concentration where the value of 1000 ppm CO 2 is associated with a 10%-20% increase in student absence [46], thus indicating CO 2 concentrations to be an important parameter in the health risk assessment of school students [27].…”

Simulation of a Multistaggered Baffle Scrubber to Enhance the Efficiency of Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification

“…SO 2 and NO emissions are important contributors to air pollution. These emissions have negative effects on human health, particularly on the respiratory system. − Furthermore, SO 2 and NO are responsible for acid rain and ozone depletion . Increased environmental consciousness and worldwide sustainable development have led to increasingly strict industrial emission requirements.…”