Industrial Technologies Program Research Plan for Energy-Intensive Process Industries

Chapas, Richard B.; Colwell, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.2172/1218715

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Gas drying is very common in industrial processes and building technologies. , It is an energy-intensive process with conventional desiccating and cooling technologies. Both solid and liquid desiccants require periodic adsorption (or absorption) and regeneration, which leads to large capital equipment and significant energy consumption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Robust, Thin Zeolite Membrane Sheet for Molecular Separation

Liu

Zhang

Canfield

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper reports a feasibility study on the preparation of zeolite membrane films on a thin, porous metal support sheet (50 μm thick). Zeolite sodium A (NaA) and silicalite zeolite frameworks are chosen to represent syntheses of respective hydrophilic-type and hydrophobic-type zeolite membranes on this new support. It is found that a dense, continuous intergrown zeolite crystal layer at a thickness less than 3 μm can be directly deposited on such a support by using direct and secondary growth techniques. The resulting membrane shows excellent adhesion on the metal sheet. Molecular-sieving functions of the prepared membranes are characterized with ethanol/water separation, CO2 separation, and air dehumidification. The results show great potential to make flexible metal-foil-like zeolite membranes for a range of energy conversion and environmental applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Robust, Thin Zeolite Membrane Sheet for Molecular Separation

Liu

Zhang

Canfield

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Currently, there is a significant amount of interest in developing heat treatment procedures that require less time and energy. A recent US Department of Energy report estimates the energy usage of metal heat treatment in the US to be in the order of 270 TBTU [38]. The current heat treatment processes.…”

Section: Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Fabrication of Metallic Single Crystal Turbine Blades with a Commentary on Repair via Additive Manufacturing

Angel

Basak

2020

JMMP

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The turbine section of aircraft engines (both commercial and military) is an example of one of the most hostile environments as the components in this section typically operate at upwards of 1650 °C in the presence of corrosive and oxidative gases. The blades are at the heart of the turbine section as they extract energy from the hot gases to generate work. The turbine blades are typically fabricated using investment casting, and depending on the casting complexity, they generally display one of the three common microstructures (i.e., equiaxed or polycrystalline, directionally solidified, and single crystal). Single crystal casting is exotic as several steps of the casting process are traditionally hands-on. Due to the complex production process involving several prototyping iterations, the blade castings have a significant cost associated with them. For example, a set of 40 single crystal turbine blades costs above USD 600,000 and requires 60–90 weeks for production. Additionally, if the components suffer from material loss due to prolonged service or manufacturing defects, the traditional manufacturing methods cannot restore the parent metallurgy at the damage locations. Hence, there is a significant interest in developing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that can repair the single crystal turbine blades. Despite the blades’ criticality in aircraft propulsion, there is currently no review article that summarizes the metallurgy, production process, failure mechanisms, and AM-based repair methods of the single crystal turbine blades. To address this existing gap, this review paper starts with a discussion on the composition of the single crystal superalloys, describes the traditional fabrication methods for the metallic single crystal turbine blades, estimates the material and energy loss when the blades are scrapped or reverted, and provides a summary of the AM technologies that are currently being investigated for their repair potential. In conclusion, based on the literature reviewed, this paper identifies new avenues for research and development approaches for advancing the fabrication and repair of single crystal turbine blades.

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“…Separation technologies crosscut all manufacturing industries and consume ∼4500 trillion Btu/yr (TBtu/yr), or about 22% of all in-plant energy use in the United States. , Among different separation technologies, distillation stands out as the highest energy-intensive process yet is the most effective to achieve necessary purification among complicated mixed matrices. − Most distillation in refining is thermally driven (heat of vaporization) with low energy and separation efficiency. , Significant difficulties with distillation are confronted due to small differences in relative volatility between separated compounds that are often less than 2 over a wide operational range . The largest opportunities for energy reduction are offered by replacing the high-energy consumption distillation separation with more energy efficient structured packings, such as the proposed hollow fiber structured packings (HFSPs). − Since 2003, we have explored the use of nonselective microporous HFSPs for the olefin/paraffin distillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Separation technologies crosscut all manufacturing industries and consume ∼4500 trillion Btu/yr (TBtu/yr), or about 22% of all in-plant energy use in the United States. 1,2 Among different separation technologies, distillation stands out as the highest energy-intensive process yet is the most effective to achieve necessary purification among complicated mixed matrices. 2−4 Most distillation in refining is thermally driven (heat of vaporization) with low energy and separation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFSPs technology uses wetted hollow fibers for the following reasons: (1) to reduce the energy consumptioncan run distillation under an isothermal condition; (2) to enhance the operating stabilitysince the pores are filled with liquid, for the vapor phase to get into the lumen side, its pressure must not only be higher to overcome the gravity force acting on the liquid but also break the surface tension of the liquid acting on the pores. Therefore, the wetted wall will have better tolerance to the fluctuation of the vapor pressure; and (3) to maximize the economic feasibility because a wide variety of hydrophobic hollow fibers are commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow Fibers Structured Packings in Olefin/Paraffin Distillation: Apparatus Scale-Up and Long-Term Stability

Yang

Martinez

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Following the conceptual demonstration of high separation efficiency and column capacity obtained in olefin/paraffin distillation using hollow fiber structured packings (HFSPs) in a bench scale (J. Membr. Sci. 2006, 2007, and 2010), we scaled-up this process with a 10-fold increase in the internal flow rate and a 3-fold increase in the module length. We confirmed that the HFSPs technology gives high separation efficiency and column capacity in iso-/n-butane distillation for 18 months. We systematically investigated the effects of packing density, concentration of light component, reflux ratio, and module age on the separation efficiency and operating stability. Comprehensive characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were carried out to probe the changes in the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) hollow fibers over the aging process. The results suggest that after a long-term exposure to light hydrocarbon environments at ≤70 °C the morphological and mechanical properties of the PP polymer do not degrade significantly in a propane/propylene and iso-/n-butane environment.

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Industrial Technologies Program Research Plan for Energy-Intensive Process Industries

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation of Robust, Thin Zeolite Membrane Sheet for Molecular Separation

Preparation of Robust, Thin Zeolite Membrane Sheet for Molecular Separation

On the Fabrication of Metallic Single Crystal Turbine Blades with a Commentary on Repair via Additive Manufacturing

Hollow Fibers Structured Packings in Olefin/Paraffin Distillation: Apparatus Scale-Up and Long-Term Stability

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