Industry 4.0 quasi-effect between circular economy and sustainability: Palm oil industry

An industry 4.0 adoption in the circular economy application hierarchical model: driver, enable and barrier aspects

“…For instance, Delpla et al (2022) propose a new mixed integer quadratic programming model for a closed-loop supply chain based on the prediction of the degradation state of EOL products. Through a systematic literature study, several studies have also examined the connection between the I4.0-CE application and concluded that the I4.0-CE idea is gaining traction and appears prepared to proceed (Abdul-Hamid et al, 2022;de Mattos Nascimento et al, 2022;Rejeb et al, 2022). On the one hand, Bressanelli et al (2018) develop a conceptual framework based on the literature and a case study of a company implementing a usage-focused serviced business model in the household appliance industry.…”

“…Ironically, exchanging palm oil with other crop oils, including soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, etc., is not wise, as this would require more than 50% of the land use to meet world demand (Lieke et al ., 2023). Moreover, these alternate crops store less carbon dioxide but require more fertiliser and pesticides, have lower productivity and have a shorter lifespan than palm oil (Abdul-Hamid et al ., 2022). Therefore, the POI needs a new criteria solution to overcome this accusation and clear its reputation as quickly as possible.…”

“…2.1 The evolution of the I4.0-CE application towards sustainable development The relationship between I4.0 and the CE is imminent, and these concepts seem to progress together and complement each other (Chen et al, 2023). The literature has recorded several important findings from these two concepts, specifically focusing on sustainable development goals (SDGs) (Abdul-Hamid et al, 2022;Piccarozzi et al, 2022). In brief, I4.0 is a feasible strategy to satisfy world demand, while implementing a CE is necessary to maintain world sustainability (Chen et al, 2023;Cui et al, 2021).…”

“…To this end, literature is working to provide a fundamental understanding of this body of knowledge. Nevertheless, several gaps remain unknown as follows: (1) as the relationship between I4.0 and CE application cannot be hidden anymore, the applications and connectivity of the I4.0–CE application have been investigated in previous research; however, the practical benefit remains unaddressed and require further clarification (Chauhan et al ., 2021); (2) although I4.0 technologies are innovative enablers for monitoring the exploitation of natural resources, their real potential impact from an economic perspective is unclear, as empirical evidence is limited (Awan et al ., 2021; Rejeb et al ., 2022); (3) there is a pressing need for investment in technological advancements and training within agricultural settings such as POI, for the cleaner agricultural benefits to be fully realised (Mahroof et al ., 2021); and (4) I4.0–CE relationship is not straightforward, and challenges are inevitable (Abdul-Hamid et al ., 2022). In this light, what is needed to fathom this complex relationship is not simply in silos.…”

“…For this reason, POI requires a feasible solution to moderate the impact of its sustainable production and consumption and alleviate society's pressure. POI could benefit from the nexus between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the circular economy (CE) can be leveraged to achieve broad breakthroughs in the near future (Abdul-Hamid et al ., 2022).…”