Inert-matrix fuel for transmutation: Selected mid- and long-term effects on reprocessing, fuel fabrication and inventory sent to final disposal

Frieß, Friederike; Liebert, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.104106

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows that the contribution of higher-order harmonics to the ADSR became increasingly dominant with a deeper subcritical level and the contribution of the fundamental harmonics decreased continually. These results indi-cate that more expansion terms of higher-order modes are needed for neutron flux reconstruction with Equation (8) and Equation (15) at deeper subcritical levels. The fundamental harmonics in the neutron diffusion equation can represent the neutron flux distribution in an ADSR under the critical or near-critical condition.…”

Section: Contribution Of Higher-ordermentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The reason for these results is that the influence of higher-order harmonics on the neutron flux (the superimposed harmonics) in the ADSR increased with the subcritical level, which caused the neutron flux to gradually deviate from the fundamental harmonic distribution. Thus, the higherorder modes required more expansion orders to ensure the accuracy of the neutron flux reconstruction by Equation (8) and Equation ( 15) at deep subcritical levels. This resulted in better reconstruction accuracy at shallow subcritical levels For the reconstruction results of the first group (i.e., fast group), the minimum relative errors for the λand prompt α-modes were 4.36% and 6.53%, respectively, at k eff = 0:97.…”

Section: Reconstruction Results For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional nuclear power plants accumulate minor actinides (MA) and longlived fission products (LLFP) during their operation. In contrast, accelerator-driven subcritical reactors (ADSRs) not only have subcritical safety characteristics but also can transmute MA and LLFP [8], so they are an effective option for reducing carbon emissions and ensuring energy security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Higher-Order Harmonics on the Steady-State Neutron Flux in Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactors

Xie

Wasaye

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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Higher-order neutron fluxes (i.e., higher-order harmonics) are widely applied in perturbation theory and modal kinetics, and they are important for research on the physical characteristics of accelerator-driven subcritical reactors (ADSRs). This paper presents a computational scheme for reconstructing the neutron flux in the steady state according to the biorthogonal properties of the forward and adjoint neutron fluxes, which can be used to analyze how higher-order harmonics affect the steady-state neutron flux under λ - and prompt α -modes. Simulation results indicated that a modal synthesis method based on λ - and prompt α -modes can effectively reconstruct the steady-state neutron flux and core power in an ADSR with a power reconstruction accuracy of within 5%. The higher-order harmonics can be classified into three types according to their physical characteristics: the first type contributes significantly to the steady-state neutron flux, the second type contributes almost nothing to the steady-state neutron flux, and the third type contributes nothing to the steady-state neutron flux. The external neutron source contributes only to specific harmonic expansion orders, which are characterized by significant axial and radial symmetry for both the λ - and prompt α -modes.

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Section: Contribution Of Higher-ordermentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Reconstruction Results For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Higher-Order Harmonics on the Steady-State Neutron Flux in Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactors

Xie

Wasaye

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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“…One of the types of new fuel is fuel elements based on dispersed nuclear fuel [11,12]. This fuel is based on the possibility of using plutonium placed in an inert matrix, which makes it possible to remove part of the heat, as well as absorb most of the radiation damage caused both by nuclear reactions with neutrons and by the resulting decay products [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Phase Transformations and Strength Properties of Nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 Composite Ceramics

et al. 2022

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The aim of this work is to study the properties of nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 composite ceramics, depending on the content of oxide components, as well as to establish the relationship between the phase composition of ceramics and strength properties. The choice of (1− x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 composite ceramics as objects of study is due to the great prospects for using them as the basis for inert matrix materials for nuclear dispersed fuel, which can replace traditional uranium fuel in high-temperature nuclear reactors. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the variation of the oxide components leads to phase transformations of the Monoclinic-ZrO2 → Monoclinic − Zr0.98Ce0.02O2/Tetragonal − ZrO2 → Tetragonal − Zr0.85Ce0.15O2 → Tetragonal − ZrCeO4/Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 type. As a result of mechanical tests, it was found that the formation of tetragonal phases in the structure of ceramics leads to strengthening of ceramics and an increase in crack resistance, which is due not only to an increase in the crystallinity degree, but also to the effect of dislocation hardening associated with a decrease in grain size. It has been established that a change in the phase composition due to phase transformations and displacement of the ZrO2 phase from the ceramic structure with its transformation into the phase of partial replacement of Zr0.85Ce0.15O2 or Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 leads to the strengthening of ceramics by more than 3.5–4 times. The results of resistance to crack formation under single compression showed that the formation of the ZrCeO4 phase in the structure of ceramics leads to an increase in the resistance of ceramics to cracking by more than 2.5 times.

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“…At the same time, in the last few years, the use of composite oxide ceramics as a basis for inert matrix materials, which have higher strength and stability indicators than simple oxides, has been actively studied [20][21][22]. One of such promising materials is ceramics, which contains compounds of zirconium dioxide, cerium and yttrium, the combination of which gives ceramics high stability and thermal conductivity compared to pure zirconium dioxide, which is one of the candidate materials for nuclear power, and cerium and yttrium elements serve in this composite as protectors that increase the strength of ceramics [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Radiation-Induced Damage Processes in CeZrO4–YZrO3 Ceramics Caused by Helium Irradiation

et al. 2022

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Composite oxide ceramics CeZrO4–YZrO3 obtained by mechanochemical synthesis were chosen as objects of study. The most dangerous type of radiation defect in structural materials is associated with helium accumulation in the structure of the near-surface layer. This can lead to the destruction and swelling of the material, resulting in a decrease in its strength and thermal characteristics. During the studies, it was found that the most significant structural changes (deformation of the crystal lattice, the magnitude of microdistortions of the crystal lattice) are observed with irradiation fluence above 5×1016 ion/cm2, while the nature of the changes is exponential. X-ray diffraction analysis found that the nature of the crystal structure deformation has a pronounced type of stretching due to the accumulation of implanted helium and its subsequent agglomeration. A comparative analysis with data on microdistortions of the crystal lattice and the values of microhardness and softening of ZrO2 and CeO2 showed that two-phase ceramics of the cubic type CeZrO4-YZrO3 are more resistant to radiation-induced degradation than single-phase ZrO2 and CeO2. Results of strength and thermophysical characteristics showed that the presence of two phases increases resistance to destruction and disorder, leading to a decrease in strength and thermal conductivity.

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Inert-matrix fuel for transmutation: Selected mid- and long-term effects on reprocessing, fuel fabrication and inventory sent to final disposal

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Higher-Order Harmonics on the Steady-State Neutron Flux in Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactors

Effect of Higher-Order Harmonics on the Steady-State Neutron Flux in Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactors

Synthesis, Phase Transformations and Strength Properties of Nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 Composite Ceramics

Study of Radiation-Induced Damage Processes in CeZrO4–YZrO3 Ceramics Caused by Helium Irradiation

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