Infant Feeding Practices in The Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract

Breastfeeding has always been the most optimum nutrition to babies. Despite its numerous benefits to the baby, mother and the society, the breastfeeding rate and duration is still low in most developing countries including Malaysia. The latest survey by the Malaysian's Ministry of Health in 2006 showed that the breastfeeding rate at 4 months was only 32 % and even lower at 6 months (19.4%) (1) . The aim of this study is to show the current breastfeeding rate in the Klang Valley, Malaysia and looking at the factors involved in the early breastfeeding cessation. Mothers who delivered their babies were invited to answer a 55-point questionnaire based from the United State's Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) (2) via face to face or telephone call. Some of the questions include the type of infant feeding method, influence from husband, family and the media regarding the decision of infant feeding method, problems in breastfeeding, reasons of breastfeeding cessation and social and health supports received by the mother. The study showed that 93 % of the mothers (n = 259) initiated breastfeeding in the hospital. However only 33 % of them were exclusively breastfeeding their babies at 4 months and 21 % of the mothers were exclusively breastfeeding their babies at 6 months old. Forty two percent of the mothers said that husbands played an important role in the decision making of the infant feeding type, while 34 % agreed that grandmothers had a strong influence in the same decision making. Fifty four percent of the mothers said that having a low milk supply as the main reason to stop breastfeeding, while 35 % of them had to stop breastfeeding because they were returning to work. The remaining 11 % had other reasons such as baby refused to breastfeed, discouraged by family members and mother or baby had a health problem. Majority of the mothers had some health support to breastfeed from the medical staff and about 45 % did not received any support from the family members. Even though the Malaysian Government has been actively promoting breastfeeding to all its hospital, the breastfeeding pick up rate is still unsatisfactory. The role of family members and the society in supporting mothers to breastfeed has been undermined and could be one of the main reasons for the low and short breastfeeding rate and duration. Less mothers in the Klang Valley Malaysia were successful in breastfeeding their babies due to a variety of reasons including failure to get enough support from family members and society. This showed that mother's knowledge alone is insufficient to ensure breastfeeding success. Effort must be made to help mothers to successfully breastfeed their babies such as educating the immediate family members (husband, grandparents, siblings), providing sufficient facilities for breastfeeding at the work place and the formation of more breastfeeding support group.

Breastfeeding Practices (Initiation, Exclusivity, Duration) During the First Six Months of an Infant’s Life among Caesarean Mothers in Selangor

“…In particular, approximately 48.1 % of the mothers practiced both breastfeeding and formula milk as the feeding method during hospitalization, followed by 43.9 % were exclusively breastfed and 8.0 % were formula fed. These findings were similar to a study in Turkey which found that majority of the caesarean mothers practiced non-exclusive breastfeeding during the first three days after delivery at hospitals (18).…”

“…Lastly, it is found that there is enough evidence to highlight that breastfeeding success (exclusivity and duration) is independent of the time of breastfeeding initiation (18). Hence, these findings depicted that early breastfeeding initiation, longer duration of breastfeeding exclusivity and continuation are closely related and may forecast a successful breastfeeding journey among caesarean mothers in Selangor, Malaysia.…”

The Effectiveness of Breastfeeding Intervention on Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Duration among Primiparous Mothers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

“…In Malaysia, even though more awareness campaigns on the benefits of breastfeeding were conducted among the public and especially, mothers, the results of exclusive breastfeeding still remain low than the rate recommended by WHO (3). Based on the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2016 (4), the rate of babies being exclusively breastfed up to six months still did not achieve the global nutrition targets 2025 (3), even though there was an increase from 23.3 in 2011 to 47.1% in 2016.…”