Infantile Experience and Resistance to Physiological Stress

Haas, Victor H.; Briggs, George M.; Stewart, Sarah E.

doi:10.1126/science.126.3270.405-a

Cited by 124 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There is a large literature in rodents investigating the effects of early manipulations, such as “handling” or “maternal separation,” on offspring development (Levine, 1957; Levine and Lewis, 1959; Denenberg et al, 1962). Brief repeated handling of rat pups in the days just after birth can produce numerous changes in the offspring including a decreased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to non-social stressors (Levine, 1957; Levine et al, 1967; Hess et al, 1969), increased exploratory behavior (Levine et al, 1967; Caldji et al, 2000; Padoin et al, 2001), increased aggression (Padoin et al, 2001; Todeschin et al, 2009), and changes in the oxytocin (OT) system (Noonan et al, 1994; Winkelmann-Duarte et al, 2007; Todeschin et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation in early parental care correlates with social behaviors in adolescent prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Perkeybile¹,

Griffin²,

Bales³

2013

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

129

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Natural variation in early parental care may contribute to long-term changes in behavior in the offspring. Here we investigate the role of variable early care in biparental prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Total amounts of parental care were initially quantified for 24 breeder pairs and pairs were ranked in relation to one another based on total contact. Consistency in key components of care suggested a trait-like quality to parental care. Based on this ranking, breeder pairs from the top (high-contact) and bottom (low-contact) quartiles were selected to produce high- and low-contact offspring to investigate adolescent behavior after varying early care. Parental care of subject offspring was again observed postnatally. Offspring of high-contact parents spent more time passively nursing and received more paternal non-huddling contact while low-contact offspring spent more time actively nursing and received more paternal huddling and pseudohuddling in the first postnatal days (PNDs). Low-contact offspring also displayed faster rates of development on a number of physical markers. Post-weaning, offspring were evaluated on anxiety-like behavior, social behavior and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) to a tactile and an acoustic startle. High-contact offspring spent more time sniffing a juvenile and less time autogrooming. With an infant, high-contact offspring spent more time in non-huddling contact and less time autogrooming and retrieving than did low-contact offspring. Considering sexes separately, high-contact females spent more time sniffing a novel juvenile than low-contact females. High-contact males spent more time in non-huddling contact with an infant than low-contact males; while low-contact females retrieved infants more than high-contact females. In both measures of social behavior, high-contact males spent less time autogrooming than low-contact males. These results suggest a relationship between early-life care and differences in social behavior in adolescence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation in early parental care correlates with social behaviors in adolescent prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Perkeybile¹,

Griffin²,

Bales³

2013

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

129

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“…More than 50 years ago, Levine reported that neonatal handling stimulation (H), that is, brief daily isolation of infant rats improved avoidance learning and attenuated physiological responses to stress. He even guessed right a few years later that these effects could be the result of changes in maternal behavior caused by dam-litter separations (Levine, 1957(Levine, , 1960(Levine, , 2005Smotherman, Brown, & Levine, 1977). Experiments from this time period also showed that H could increase resistance to stress associated with starvation, a crude and extreme protocol that impressively revealed that handled rats lived longer than controls (Denenberg & Karas, 1959).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neonatal handling on playfulness by means of reversal of the desire to play in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Aguilar¹,

Caramés²,

Espinet³

2009

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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In the present study the authors sought to establish whether the range of effects of neonatal handling stimulation (H), that is, brief daily periods of infant isolation, could be extended to the domain of social motivation. With this aim, the authors studied the innate motivation to engage in rough-and-tumble play (R&T) in adolescent rats (Rattus norvegicus) by means of a reversal design, in which half of the rats were first housed in isolation (Days 1-3), and then in company (Days 4-6), while the other half followed the reverse sequence of housing conditions. Results showed in a clear-cut manner that H fuelled playfulness, as measured by pin and dorsal contact episodes, with (relative) independence of trait-based differences in fearful behavior between handled and nonhandled rats. Given that the different levels of the rat's social brain are apparently sensitive to tactile stimulation in infancy, the authors propose that the vibrant R&T reported here could reflect an enduring alteration of genetically based, motivational systems underlying playfulness and, perhaps, positive social emotions like joy.

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“…In a group treated with amethopterin, however, viremia was demonstrable by cardiac blood passage for more than 4 weeks. 178 Titrations of intracerebral virus in amethopterintreated survivors showed concentrations similar to those of control animals which died. It was concluded that survival from the effects of folic acid deficiency or antagonism is not due to a difference in virus production.…”

Section: Folic Acid Antagonists Viruses and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Part VIII. Folic acid antagonists

Holland

1961

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Infantile Experience and Resistance to Physiological Stress

Cited by 124 publications

References 6 publications

Natural variation in early parental care correlates with social behaviors in adolescent prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Natural variation in early parental care correlates with social behaviors in adolescent prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Effects of neonatal handling on playfulness by means of reversal of the desire to play in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Part VIII. Folic acid antagonists

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