Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage

Ji, Ruiqin; Zhao, Lili; Xing, M; Shen, Xiangqun; Bi, Qing; Peng, Shenling; Feng, Hui

doi:10.4238/2014.december.19.20

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The isolates were identified as pathotype 4 based on the differentials of Williams (1966) , which were previously described ( Zheng et al, 2019 ). Resting P. brassicae spores were prepared as previously described ( Ji et al, 2014 ). Root galls were homogenized using 10% (m/v) sucrose in a blender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the infection biology and gene expression differences of Plasmodiophora brassicae primary and secondary zoospores

et al. 2022

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Plasmodiophora brassicae (Wor.) is an obligate plant pathogen affecting Brassicae worldwide. To date, there is very little information available on the biology and molecular basis of P. brassicae primary and secondary zoospore infections. To examine their roles, we used microscope to systematically investigate the infection differences of P. brassicae between samples inoculated separately with resting spores and secondary zoospores. The obvious development of P. brassicae asynchrony that is characterized by secondary plasmodium, resting sporangial plasmodium, and resting spores was observed at 12 days in Brassica rapa inoculated with resting spores but not when inoculated with secondary zoospores at the same time. Inoculation with resting spores resulted in much more development of zoosporangia clusters than inoculation with secondary zoospores in non-host Spinacia oleracea. The results indicated that primary zoospore infection played an important role in the subsequent development. To improve our understanding of the infection mechanisms, RNA-seq analysis was performed. Among 18 effectors identified in P. brassicae, 13 effectors were induced in B. rapa seedlings inoculated with resting spores, which suggested that the pathogen and host first contacted, and more effectors were needed. Corresponding to those in B. rapa, the expression levels of most genes involved in the calcium-mediated signaling pathway and PTI pathway were higher in plants inoculated with resting spores than in those inoculated with secondary zoospores. The ETI pathway was suppressed after inoculation with secondary zoospores. The genes induced after inoculation with resting spores were suppressed in B. rapa seedlings inoculated with secondary zoospores, which might be important to allow a fully compatible interaction and contribute to a susceptible reaction in the host at the subsequent infection stage. The primary zoospores undertook an more important interaction with plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the infection biology and gene expression differences of Plasmodiophora brassicae primary and secondary zoospores

et al. 2022

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“…Preparation of resting spore suspension: For preparation of plant inoculations, Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores were prepared as previously described (Ji et al 2014). Root galls were homogenized using 10 % (m/v) sucrose in a blender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes for defense response to Plasmodiophora brassicae during late infection in small spheroid galls of Brassica rapa

Yang¹,

Fang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Biol. plant.

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Plasmodiophora brassicae is a biotrophic pathogen causing clubroots of cruciferous crops. The Brassica rapa accession T1-145 has an ability to produce small spheroid galls (SSGs), which represent neither a fully compatible interaction nor a complete resistance. To explore the defense response in SSGs induced by P. brassicae infection, global transcriptome profiling SSGs was performed at different time points. By comparing gene expression patterns, we identified many defense related genes. The first group included genes encoding receptor-like protein/kinases, such as cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases, receptor-like proteins, phloem intercalated with xylem/tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor receptor (PXY/TDR), PXY-correlated 1, wall-associated kinases, nuclear shuttle protein-interacting kinase, lectin receptorlike kinases, and flagelin-sensitive 2, which might activate a basal defense. The second group involved robust effectortriggered immunity response genes such as resistance to leptosphaeria maculans 1B, constitutive shade-avoidance 1, target of avirulence B operation 1, ribosomal protein of the small subunit 6, resistance to Pseudomonas maculicola 1-interacting protein 4, enhanced disease resistance 2L, and recognition of Peronospora parasitica 13-like protein 4. The third group included genes encoding secondary cell wall formation related protein/s, a nodulin-like protein, a germin-like protein, a jacalin-related lectin, a defensin-like protein, tumor inhibitors, and sugars will eventually be exported transporter, which might contribute to quantitative resistance against P. brassicae. The gene expressions were the highest at the late stage of infection. To our knowledge, it is the first report on exploring defense response genes during SSG occurrence by a transcriptome analysis. Our data would provide useful information to further explore molecular mechanisms of the incomplete resistance.

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“…CD isolates of P. brassicae were obtained from Chengdu in Sichuan Province, China, and were identified as pathotype 4. Resting spores of P. brassicae were prepared following the method described (Ji et al, 2014). The concentration of resting spores was adjusted to 1×10 7 spores/ml for inoculation, a volume of 300 µL of the spore suspension was applied around the root zone of each plant.…”

Section: Resting Spores Preparation and Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThePlasmodiophora brassicaeeffector PbEGF1 manipulates plant immunity and regulate primary infection

Yang,

Xu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Plasmodiophora brassicae causes a significant global threat to cruciferous vegetables and crops. However, the current comprehensions of its pathogenic ways is still unclear. This study identified a P. brassicae effector, called PbEGF1, which strongly induces cell death in N. benthamiana. Notably, PbEGF1 was significantly up-regulated in seedlings inoculated with highly virulent P. brassicae, indicating a pivotal role for PbEGF1 in pathogenicity. Furthermore, overexpression of PbEGF1 in hosts enhanced susceptibility to P. brassicae, and promoted elongation of root hairs, thus creating favorable conditions for root hair infection. Silencing of PbEGF1 reduced the pathogenicity of P. brassicae. This finding confirms the significance of primary infection in host recognition and interaction with P. brassicae. To further elucidate the virulence function of PbEGF1, we identified BnNHL13 (nonrace- specific disease resistance 1/harpin-induced 1-like 13) as its target protein. Silencing BnNHL13 enhanced host susceptibility to P. brassicae, and promoted root hairs elongation, indicating that down-regulation of BnNHL13 was more conducive to establishing P. brassicae infection. Subsequent investigation revealed that PbEGF1 has the ability to induce degradation of the BnNHL13 protein, thereby disrupting the host defense response and facilitating P. brassicae infection. Our findings provide novel insights into genetic strategies for enhancing plant resistance against clubroot disease.

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Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Chinese cabbage

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Comparing the infection biology and gene expression differences of Plasmodiophora brassicae primary and secondary zoospores

Comparing the infection biology and gene expression differences of Plasmodiophora brassicae primary and secondary zoospores

Genes for defense response to Plasmodiophora brassicae during late infection in small spheroid galls of Brassica rapa

ThePlasmodiophora brassicaeeffector PbEGF1 manipulates plant immunity and regulate primary infection

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