Infection Prevention and Control in the Operating Theatre: Reducing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections (Ssis)

Weaving, Paul; Cox, Felicia; Milton, Sherran

doi:10.1177/175045890801800503

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…type of procedure, duration of the operation etc), the appropriateness of staff behaviors (limited number of personnel and restricted movements) and microbial contamination of the air (especially in clean surgery) [4], [5]. In turn, the latter factor can be, at least partially, determined by factors linked to the surgical characteristics and staff behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Particulate Air Sampling Predict Microbial Load in Operating Theatres for Arthroplasty?

et al. 2012

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Several studies have proposed that the microbiological quality of the air in operating theatres be indirectly evaluated by means of particle counting, a technique derived from industrial clean-room technology standards, using airborne particle concentration as an index of microbial contamination. However, the relationship between particle counting and microbiological sampling has rarely been evaluated and demonstrated in operating theatres. The aim of the present study was to determine whether particle counting could predict microbiological contamination of the air in an operating theatre during 95 surgical arthroplasty procedures. This investigation was carried out over a period of three months in 2010 in an orthopedic operating theatre devoted exclusively to prosthetic surgery. During each procedure, the bacterial contamination of the air was determined by means of active sampling; at the same time, airborne particulate contamination was assessed throughout the entire procedure. On considering the total number of surgical operations, the mean value of the total bacterial load in the center of the operating theatre proved to be 35 CFU/m3; the mean particle count was 4,194,569 no./m3 for particles of diameter ≥0.5 µm and 13,519 no./m3 for particles of diameter ≥5 µm. No significant differences emerged between the median values of the airborne microbial load recorded during the two types of procedure monitored. Particulates with a diameter of ≥0.5 µm were detected in statistically higher concentrations (p<0.001) during knee-replacement procedures. By contrast, particulates with a diameter of ≥5 µm displayed a statistically higher concentration during hip-replacement procedures (p<0.05). The results did not reveal any statistically significant correlation between microbial loads and particle counts for either of the particle diameters considered (≥0.5 µm and ≥5 µm). Consequently, microbiological monitoring remains the most suitable method of evaluating the quality of air in operating theatres.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Particulate Air Sampling Predict Microbial Load in Operating Theatres for Arthroplasty?

et al. 2012

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“…The prevention concerns health professionals and health procedures, the environment and materials in which the procedures take place, but also patients who must be considered as the gateway for the pathogens responsible for many SSI (38,39,40). Table I schematically shows the main risk factors for SSI.…”

Section: Main Guidelines and Recommenda-tions For Prevention Of Ssi Specifi-cally In The Obstetric-gynecologi-cal Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position paper on prevention of surgical site infections in obstetric and gynecological surgery

et al. 2020

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Surgical site infections represent about a quarter of all infections that develop in the hospital setting. Far from being solved, this problem is expected even increasing in the next years, mainly for the increase in prevalence of obesity and diabetes and the increasing spread of antibiotic resistance. Obstetrics and Gynecology represent, for frequency of interventions, incidence and impact, one of the major fields of interest. Caesarean section is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in women and is the one most likely to get complicate with surgical site infection. According to some estimates, up to 12% of cesarean sections will be complicated by surgical site infection with repercussions on women and newborn health, and high costs for the community.

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“…Among the sources of airborne contamination are ventilation systems, shedding from clothing, OR staff sneezing/coughing, and traffic both within and in/out of the room itself. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] These airborne bacteria continually sediment onto surfaces, including devices which, once removed from their sterile packaging, become contaminated. An early report 23 measured the sedimentation rate as almost 3 Â 10 6 CFU/ m 2 Àh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that common language describes an OR as aseptic and the surgical field as sterile, the well‐recognized reality is that the OR atmosphere contains microbes from various sources. Among the sources of airborne contamination are ventilation systems, shedding from clothing, OR staff sneezing/coughing, and traffic both within and in/out of the room itself 15–22 . These airborne bacteria continually sediment onto surfaces, including devices which, once removed from their sterile packaging, become contaminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro model of microbial contamination in the operating room

et al. 2022

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Infection associated with tissue‐contacting biomedical devices is a compelling clinical problem initiated by the microbial colonization of the device surface. Among the possible sources of contaminating bacteria is the operating room (OR) itself, where viable bacteria in the atmosphere can sediment onto a device surface intraoperatively. We have developed an aerosolizing system that can reproducibly spray small quantities of aerosolized bacteria onto a surface to mimic OR contamination. This paper describes the design of the system and characterizes key aspects associated with its operation. The area density of sprayed bacteria is on the order of 102/cm2. Using titanium (Ti) alloy coupons as test substrates contaminated by staphylococci, we quantify the fraction of bacteria that are well adhered to the substrate, those that can be removed by sonication, and those that are not recovered after spraying. Despite the relatively low levels of surface contamination, we furthermore show that such a model is able to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in colonization of Ti coupons modified by antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compounds relative to unmodified controls.

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Infection Prevention and Control in the Operating Theatre: Reducing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections (Ssis)

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Can Particulate Air Sampling Predict Microbial Load in Operating Theatres for Arthroplasty?

Can Particulate Air Sampling Predict Microbial Load in Operating Theatres for Arthroplasty?

Position paper on prevention of surgical site infections in obstetric and gynecological surgery

An in vitro model of microbial contamination in the operating room

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