Infectious Bursal Disease

Eterradossi, Nicolas; Saif, Y. M.

doi:10.1002/9781119371199.ch7

Cited by 130 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…Several bird-specific viruses infect the bursa, among which infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Both induce a marked degeneration of lymphocytes in the medullary region of the bursa [ 27 , 28 ] and an increased apoptosis in the bursa [ 29 – 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrophy of primary lymphoid organs induced by Marek’s disease virus during early infection is associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and a severe B-lymphopenia

Berthault

Larcher

Härtle

et al. 2018

Vet Res

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Marek’s disease is a multi-faceted highly contagious disease affecting chickens caused by the Marek’s disease alphaherpesvirus (MDV). MDV early infection induces a transient immunosuppression, which is associated with thymus and bursa of Fabricius atrophy. Little is known about the cellular processes involved in primary lymphoid organ atrophy. Here, by in situ TUNEL assay, we demonstrate that MDV infection results in a high level of apoptosis in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, which is concomitant to the MDV lytic cycle. Interestingly, we observed that in the thymus most of the MDV infected cells at 6 days post-infection (dpi) were apoptotic, whereas in the bursa of Fabricius most of the apoptotic cells were uninfected suggesting that MDV triggers apoptosis by two different modes in these two primary lymphoid organs. In addition, a high decrease of cell proliferation was observed from 6 to 14 dpi in the bursa of Fabricius follicles, and not in the thymus. Finally, with an adapted absolute blood lymphocyte count, we demonstrate a major B-lymphopenia during the two 1st weeks of infection, and propose this method as a potent non-invasive tool to diagnose MDV bursa of Fabricius infection and atrophy. Our results demonstrate that the thymus and bursa of Fabricius atrophies are related to different cell mechanisms, with different temporalities, that affect infected and uninfected cells.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-018-0526-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrophy of primary lymphoid organs induced by Marek’s disease virus during early infection is associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and a severe B-lymphopenia

Berthault

Larcher

Härtle

et al. 2018

Vet Res

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“…The efficacy of the IBD vaccination program was related to the level of MDA in the chickens at the age of vaccination that interferes with the ability of the vaccinal virus to stimulate the immunity of the host. Hot strains can break through a high level of MDA and stimulate humoral immunity, but it causes severe bursal lesion and lymphoid depletion in contrast to the intermediate strains that have a moderate lymphoid depletion effect (Eterradossi and Saif 2008). This study concluded that the prevalence of IBD among broiler chicken farms in different localities of some Delta governorates during 2016-2017 was 46.87%, and the presence of very virulent strains occurs as a result of antigenic mutation.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 81%

Epidemiological study on Infectious bursal disease in broiler chicken farms in some Governorates in Delta Egypt

El-Shorbagy

Saad

Zyan

et al. 2018

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of IBD in broiler farms from different localities in different Governorates; AlQalubia, AlGharbia, AlMenofia and ALBehera and also to make a further characterization of the obtained strains through nucleotide sequencing then evaluate the pathogenicity of the strain in SPF ECE and commercial broiler chicks. Fifteen out of a total of 32 (46.87%) bursal samples showed 620 bp amplicon size of HVR of VP2 when tested with RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequencing classified two strains as vvIBDV and one was similar to classical attenuated vaccines. The vvIBDV strain resulted in 100 % mortality of inoculated embryos with moderate to severe congestion of the body, cranial hemorrhage, congested and greenish liver with necrotic foci. The CAMs showed thickening with petechial hemorrhage. The experimental infection with (IBDV_ EGY 2018/N23) isolate was assessed in vaccinated groups with hot, intermediate and hot + intermediate vaccines and unvaccinated 25 days old Cobb broiler chicks; the c+ve group showed a significant difference in RWBF and cumulative bursal lesion in comparison with c-ve group. It recorded higher MSI than c-ve. All vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in Abs titer when compared with non-vaccinated one and the hot vac. Group recorded the highest titer. They also showed a non-significant difference in RWBF and cumulative bursal lesion score in comparison to c-ve one at ten dPI and lower MSI than c+ve but the hot + intermediate vac. group recorded the lowest lesion score and MSI. This study concluded the reemergence and circulation of vvIBDV despite the intensive vaccination strategies.

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“…The disease IBD is a highly contagious, severe and acute viral disease of young chickens around 3-6 weeks of age characterized by enlargement and extensive damages in the BF with high mortality (Eterradossi and Saif, 2008). Infection in younger birds is usually asymptomatic but causes permanent and severe damage to BF.…”

Section: The Disease Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%