Infective endocarditis and antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental/oral procedures: latest revision to the guidelines by the American Heart Association published April 2007

Farbod, Frank; Kanaan, Hassan; Farbod, J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.717

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recommendations in many publications emphasize the importance of daily oral cavity hygiene. It is believed that brushing teeth, or cleaning them with dental floss, can result in the introduction of transient streptococcal bacteremia, which causes a much greater threat than a single tooth extraction [1][2][3][4]. It has been proved that the quantitative bacteremia during teeth brushing is increased to 13%, and in the case of full mouth ultrasonic scaling up to 23% [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many authors emphasize that lack of hygiene and treatment of inflammatory lesions in the mouth result in greater risk than dental procedures [1][2][3][4]. The most common microorganisms isolated in blood are: streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci coagulase-negative and Gram-negative bacteria from the HACEK group (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella and Kingella kingae) residing in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current level of infective endocarditis prevention awareness among dentists and patients with artificial valves

Pawlus¹,

Markowicz-Pawlus²,

Špidlen³

2012

kitp

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Background: For many years, the prophylactic use of antibiotics in patients with heart diseases associated with a high risk of infective endocarditis (IE) was a common practice. In patients with artificial valves, the morbidity and mortality in the occurrence of IE reaches several dozen percent. Currently, the only treatments that require IE prophylaxis are dental procedures. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess IE prevention awareness among dentists and patients with artificial valves. Material and methods: We analyzed 48 patients (26 men and 22 women) after artificial valve implantation. The time since their surgery was 4.5 ±1.5 years. Twenty-nine patients (67.4%) had an artificial aortic valve, 19 (39.6%) had a mitral valve. Mean age was 67.5 ±6.2 years. Information on IE prophylaxis was obtained during routine outpatient visits. Questionnaires concerning IE prophylaxis were distributed among 35 dentists. Results: Forty-one patients (85.4%) were aware of the need for IE prophylaxis, of whom 28 (68.2%) identified only dental pro cedu res as requiring IE prevention, while 14 patients (34.1%) included gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and coro na rography in this category, and 18 patients (43.9%) identified amoxicillin as the recommended antibiotic. Fifty-four (98.2%) dentists indicated that patients with artificial valves require IE prophylaxis, while 41/55 (74.5%) indicated amoxicillin or ampicillin as the recommended prophylactic agent. All the dentists saw the need for IE prophylaxis before tooth extraction; 50 (90.9%) -during root canal treatment; 50 (90.9%) -during procedures around the gingiva. 10 respondents (18.2%) did not recommend IE prophylaxis before tooth implantation; 10 (18.2%) -before removing tartar. Conclusions: The large majority of patients with artificial heart valves are aware of the need for IE prevention. The knowledge

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current level of infective endocarditis prevention awareness among dentists and patients with artificial valves

Pawlus¹,

Markowicz-Pawlus²,

Špidlen³

2012

kitp

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“…The mortality rate is 5-11% (13). Approximately 50% of all cases of infectious endocarditis are caused by Streptococcus viridians (13)(14)(15). Infectious endocarditis is infrequent in young individuals, except intravenous drug abusers, which represent a high risk group (12).…”

Section: -Acute Myocardial Infarction (Ami)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodic controls are thus advised to prevent them from developing (12). Some investigators such as Blanco in 2004 consider that it is advisable to perform rinses with 0.12% chlorhexidine for at least 30 seconds, before any dental treatment, since this produces an important reduction in bacteremia of oral origin (12,15).…”

Section: -Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental considerations in patients with heart disease

Cruz-Pamplona¹,

Jiménez-Soriano²,

Sarrion-Perez³

2011

J Clin Exp Dent

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Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death in the developed world, and represent the first cause of mortality in Spain. In addition to their associated morbidity, such disorders are important due to the number of affected individuals and the many patients subjected to treatment because of them. Objective: An update is provided on the oral manifestations seen in patients with arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias and heart failure, and on the dental management of such patients. Material and methods: A Medline-PubMed search was conducted of the literature over the last 10 years using the keywords: "cardiopathy", "dental management", "endocarditis", "hypertension" and "arrhythmia". A total of 31 articles were reviewed, of which 22 were literature reviews, three were expert committee guides, four clinical trials and two case series. Results: The drug treatments used by these patients can give rise to oral manifestations in the form of xerostomia, lichenoid reactions, burning mouth sensation, loss of taste sensation, gingival hyperplasia and bleeding, as well as extraoral manifestations such as sialadenosis. An inadequately controlled cardiological patient constitutes a risk case in dental practice; dental surgeons therefore must take a series of aspects into account before treating such patients, in order to avoid complications.

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“…In patients allergic to penicillin, clindamycin 20 mg/kg oral or IV can be given 30-60 minutes before procedure. 3,[5][6][7]9,11,24,25 There were several differences of guidelines in developed countries. [26][27][28][29] He was included in highrisk category of recurrence of IE.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in a ?-thalassemia Major Child

et al. 2015

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Almost all patients who develop infective endocarditis (IE) had history of congenital or acquired heart disease.We report a 9 years old boy who was diagnosed as ?-thalassemia major since age 1.5 years, admitted to hospital with chief complaint of difficulty of breathing for 1 week before admission, accompanied by fever. Holosystolic murmur of grade 3/6 was found in the lower left sternal border along with hepatosplenomegaly. Chest x-ray depicted right ventricle enlargement and opaque densities in the middle field of left lung. Blood culture showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Echocardiography detected thickening tricuspid valve with oscillating mass in the tricuspid valve, severe pulmonary hypertension, and minimal pericardial effusion. Diagnosis of IE was made. After clinical improvement he was discharged with good condition. The diagnosis of IE in children without heart defects is difficult to establish and right-sided IE is rare in children that a high suspicion index should be considered. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i2.22263 Cardiovasc. j. 2015; 7(2): 145-149

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Infective endocarditis and antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental/oral procedures: latest revision to the guidelines by the American Heart Association published April 2007

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Current level of infective endocarditis prevention awareness among dentists and patients with artificial valves

Current level of infective endocarditis prevention awareness among dentists and patients with artificial valves

Dental considerations in patients with heart disease

Infective Endocarditis in a ?-thalassemia Major Child

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