Infiltration by immunocompetent cells in early stage invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a prognostic study

Low density of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells is associated with increased risk of relapse in squamous cell cervical cancer

“…The cytotoxic T cells are very important in cancer defence but their effect is dependent on the presence of other cells, including T helper cells. We found both intra-and peritumoural cell densities to be associated with prognosis and as opposed to other studies (Bethwaite et al, 1996;Chao et al, 1999) the densities of peritumoural CD3 þ and CD8 þ cells were stronger predictors than intratumoural cells. According to our study, analyses of the in situ cellular immune response at the time of diagnosis can divide patients into groups, having different risks of relapse even after therapy.…”

“…The antigen is expressed on all T cells and as such a pan T-cell marker, which means that cells expressing this marker constitute a mixture of T cells including both T helper, regulatory and cytotoxic T cells. The presence of higher numbers of CD3 þ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes compared to lower numbers was in a study by Bethwaite et al (1996) associated with improved survival in stage IB cervical cancer. Chao et al (1999) consistently found a pronounced lymphocyte infiltration to be an independent factor of disease-free survival in stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma.…”

“…Because cervical cancer is preconditioned by a virus infection, the immune response towards the cancer is potentially important for overcoming the disease by clearing or controlling the viral infection. Previous studies have shown infiltration of immune cells also to be associated with improved clinical outcome in cancer patients (Bethwaite et al, 1996;Chao et al, 1999).…”

CD1a-positive infiltrating-dendritic cell density and 5-year survival from human breast cancer

“…S-100 is a small acidic regulatory protein involved in a wide range of cellular processes and exhibits relative tissue specificity for DCs and cells of neural origin, including melanoma cells (Heizmann et al, 2002). The density of DCs, using either CD1a or S-100 as markers for DC, has been reported for a variety of human cancers including cervix (Younes et al, 1968;Bethwaite et al, 1996), ovary (Eisenthal et al, 2001), lung (Bassett et al, 1974;Fox et al, 1989;Zeid and Muller, 1993), larynx (Schenk, 1980), salivary glands (David and Buchner, 1980), skin (Gatter et al, 1980), breast (Hillenbrand et al, 1999;Coventry et al, 2002), thymus (Hammar et al, 1986), oesophagus (Matsuda et al, 1990), stomach (Tsujitani et al, 1987), pancreas (Dallal et al, 2002), thyroid (Schroder et al, 1988;Willgeroth et al, 1992), colon (Ambe et al, 1989), nasopharynx (Nomori et al, 1986;Gallo et al, 1991a;laryngeal (Gallo et al, 1991b)), oral (Kikuchi et al, 2002), prostate, bladder and kidney (Bigotti et al, 1991;Inoue et al, 1993;Troy et al, 1998aTroy et al, , b, 1999. Furthermore, DC numbers, as measured using either CD1a or S-100 antibodies, have been positively associated with improved outcome (increased survival) for many of these cancers, although the mechanism remains unclear.…”

The Indicators of Predicting Disease Outcome in HPV Carcinogenesis

“…Most researchers revealed the essential role intra-and peri-tumor cells play in the favourable development of cervical cancer, suggesting that certain survival predictors in cervical cancer relapse may be involved (Nedergaard et al, 2007(Nedergaard et al, , 2008. Such predictors are: inflammatory infiltrate (role in promoting long-term survival), low CD3 (role in predicting relapse), high CD8 cell density (involved in cervical cancer favourable prognosis) and low CD4 cell (involved in advanced stages of disease) (Nedergaard et al, 2007(Nedergaard et al, , 2008Bell et al, 1995;Bethwaite et al, 1996;Chao et al, 1999).…”