Infiltration to infection: key virulence players of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity

Bhattacharjee, Arghyadeep; Sahoo, Om Saswat; Sarkar, Ahana; Bhattacharya, Saurabh; Chowdhury, Rukhsana; Kar, Samarjit; Mukherjee, Oindrilla

doi:10.1007/s15010-023-02159-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…The stomachs of more than half of the world’s population are colonized by the spiral gram-negative bacterium H. pylori , which can lead to peptic ulcers, GC, MALT lymphoma, and other gastroduodenal illnesses. The complicated interplay between virulence factors and phase-variable genes produced by the infecting strain and the host genetic background affects the clinical results of H. pylori infection [ 38 ].…”

Section: Variable Genes and Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

Burz,

Pop,

Silaghi

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Numerous studies have been performed on Helicobacter pylori infection because of the high death rate linked to this illness and gastric cancer. An update on the key developments in recent years in the investigation of Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer is the goal of this review. Using the search term “Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer”, the PubMed database was searched. Only papers published in 2024 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Because case report papers were not part of our investigation, they satisfied the exclusion criteria. Most of the research on the variable genes of Helicobacter pylori is guided by genetics to determine potential treatments. Studies on clinical treatments for the eradication of H. pylori with promising therapeutic options are needed. We found the fewest studies related to the immunopathology of H. pylori infection, which is still unknown. In conclusion, priority should be given to this kind of research.

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Section: Variable Genes and Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

Burz,

Pop,

Silaghi

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…The primary virulence factors of H. pylori include Cytotoxin-associated gene A ( CagA ), Vacuolating cytotoxin A ( VacA ), Duodenal ulcer-promoting gene A ( DupA ), and Urease ( Malfertheiner et al, 2023 ). CagA is a pathogenic protein delivered into host cells via the Type IV secretion system (T4SS) ( Bhattacharjee et al, 2024 ). It activates multiple signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK/PI3K, and Wnt/β-catenin, affecting cell proliferation, motility, polarity, apoptosis, and inflammation ( Ayana et al, 2014 ; Hayashi et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori Colonization and Its Virulence ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori: an updated systematic review

Huang,

Cao,

Cao

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a strict microaerophilic bacterial species that exists in the stomach, and H. pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections affecting humans. Eradicating H. pylori is the preferred method for the long-term prevention of complications such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. However, first-line treatment with triple therapy and quadruple therapy has been unable to cope with increasing antibacterial resistance. To provide an updated review of H. pylori infections and antibacterial resistance, as well as related treatment options, we searched PubMed for articles published until March 2024. The key search terms were “H. pylori”, “H. pylori infection”, “H. pylori diseases”, “H. pylori eradication”, and “H. pylori antibacterial resistance.” Despite the use of antimicrobial agents, the annual decline in the eradication rate of H. pylori continues. Emerging eradication therapies, such as the development of the new strong acid blocker vonoprazan, probiotic adjuvant therapy, and H. pylori vaccine therapy, are exciting. However, the effectiveness of these treatments needs to be further evaluated. It is worth mentioning that the idea of altering the oxygen environment in gastric juice for H. pylori to not be able to survive is a hot topic that should be considered in new eradication plans. Various strategies for eradicating H. pylori, including antibacterials, vaccines, probiotics, and biomaterials, are continuously evolving. A novel approach involving the alteration of the oxygen concentration within the growth environment of H. pylori has emerged as a promising eradication strategy.

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“…Then, CagA and VacA translocate into epithelial cells through the T4SS, promoting inflammation, immune suppression, and apoptosis. Finally, gastric cancer risk is associated with a CagA-rich population in comparison with a control population [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Conditions

Santacroce,

Topi,

Bottalico

et al. 2024

CIMB

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The gastric milieu, because of its very low acidic pH, is very harsh for bacterial growth. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) has opened a new avenue for studies on the gastric microbiota, thus indicating that the stomach is not a sterile environment. Nowadays, new technologies of bacterial identification have demonstrated the existence of other microorganisms in the gastric habitat, which play an important role in health and disease. This bacterium possesses an arsenal of compounds which enable its survival but, at the same time, damage the gastric mucosa. Toxins, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolar cytotoxin A, lipopolysaccharides, and adhesins, determine an inflammatory status of the gastric mucosa which may become chronic, ultimately leading to a gastric carcinoma. In the initial stage, H.p. persistence alters the gastric microbiota with a condition of dysbiosis, predisposing to inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics exhibit beneficial effects on H.p. infection, and, among them, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities are the major ones. Moreover, the association of probiotics with prebiotics (synbiotics) to conventional anti-H.p. therapy contributes to a more efficacious eradication of the bacterium. Also, polyphenols, largely present in the vegetal kingdom, have been demonstrated to alleviate H.p.-dependent pathologies, even including the inhibition of tumorigenesis. The gastric microbiota composition in health and disease is described. Then, cellular and molecular mechanisms of H.p.-mediated damage are clarified. Finally, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and polyphenols in experimental models and in patients infected with H.p. is discussed.

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Infiltration to infection: key virulence players of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity

Cited by 8 publications

References 286 publications

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

Novel therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori: an updated systematic review

Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Conditions

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