Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Sarcopenia: The Role of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Muscle Failure

Nardone, Olga Maria; Sire, Roberto de; Petito, Valentina; Testa, Anna; Villani, Guido; Scaldaferri, Franco; Castiglione, Fabiana

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.694217

Cited by 89 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…In patients with altered gut microbiome, the gut dysbiosis may result in promoting a pro-inflammatory pathway related to sarcopenia. However, the pathophysiology of the role of gut microbiome to regulate the response to ICIs was not fully investigated yet [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia’s Prognostic Impact on Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: Although sarcopenia has been reported to predict survival in cancer patients, its impact on patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aimed to assess the long-term oncologic impact of sarcopenia on patients who received ICIs. Methods: A systematic review of studies indexed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, up to April 1, 2021, was conducted. Studies that reported hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) based on sarcopenia in patients treated with ICIs were included. The inverse variance method was used with a random-effects model for data analysis. Results: A total of 1284 patients from 14 studies were included. Among the patients who received ICIs, patients with sarcopenia had a significant increase in overall mortality compared to patients without sarcopenia in univariate analyses (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.20–2.29, p = 0.002) and in adjusted HRs (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.15–2.10, p = 0.004). The same results were obtained for PFS by both univariate analysis (HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.37–2.23, p < 0.001) and adjusted HRs (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.28–2.09, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sarcopenia appears to be an effective biomarker for predicting long-term oncologic outcomes in patients receiving ICI therapy and hence plays an important role when making treatment decisions. However, the fundamental role of this association with survival should be further investigated in large cohorts and clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia’s Prognostic Impact on Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Recently, the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been proposed to play a crucial role in the development of sarcopenia. The gut microbiota has been found to impact muscle volume and performance through mediating inflammatory reactions, immunity, endocrine function, and energy metabolism [8,9]. According to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) [1] and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) [10] diagnostic criteria, sarcopenia is defined as low muscle mass, strength, and/or physical performance.…”

Section: Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Narrative Review from Diagnosis to Intervention

Chen

Jeng

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Sarcopenia, defined as a decline in muscle mass and function related to aging, affects both limb and swallowing-related muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by decreased swallowing function; therefore, early detection of subclinical dysphagia and subsequent intervention appear to be crucial in the elderly. Numerous tools have been employed to measure the function, strength, and mass of swallowing-related muscles in sarcopenic elderly. The swallowing function can be evaluated by questionnaires like Eating Assessment Tool, Functional Oral Intake Scale, and Food Intake Level Scale, and tests such as the modified water swallowing test and videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Surface electromyography and high-resolution manometry can be applied for quantifying swallowing-related muscle strength. Modalities such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are capable of estimating the swallowing muscle mass. In patients with sarcopenic dysphagia, a thorough assessment should be given followed by an integrated intervention combining swallowing muscle strengthening, nutrition support, food texture modification, physical, and occupational therapies. This article aimed to comprehensively summarize the diagnostic criteria/tools as well as their associations/performance in sarcopenic dysphagia. The intervention strategy will also be narrated in this review.

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“…However, inflammation was considered a significant cause of muscle degradation, known as "inflammaging". Gut inflammation may result in the malabsorption of nutrients, such as amino acids, that are important for stimulating muscle biogenesis [84,86]. The concept of a gut-muscle axis is relatively new, and there is much to be learned.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Sarcopenia and Gut-muscle Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle

Daily¹,

Park

2022

Cells

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Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in a healthy lifespan by helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As seen in sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle mass impairs glucose homeostasis, but it may also be caused by glucose dysregulation. Gut microbiota modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and various metabolites that affect the host metabolism, including skeletal muscle tissues, and may have a role in the sarcopenia etiology. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota, and the effect of consuming probiotics and prebiotics on the development and pathological consequences of sarcopenia in the aging human population. This review includes discussions about the effects of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota on skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia and the interaction of dietary intake, physical activity, and gut microbiome to influence sarcopenia through modulating the gut–muscle axis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome can regulate both skeletal muscle mass and function, in part through modulating the metabolisms of short-chain fatty acids and branch-chain amino acids that might act directly on muscle in humans or indirectly through the brain and liver. Dietary factors such as fats, proteins, and indigestible carbohydrates and lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake can both help and hinder the putative gut–muscle axis. The evidence presented in this review suggests that loss of muscle mass and function are not an inevitable consequence of the aging process, and that dietary and lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay sarcopenia.

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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Sarcopenia: The Role of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Muscle Failure

Cited by 89 publications

References 115 publications

Sarcopenia’s Prognostic Impact on Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sarcopenia’s Prognostic Impact on Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Narrative Review from Diagnosis to Intervention

Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle

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