Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathogenesis

Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N.; Xavier, Ramnik J.; Podolsky, Daniel K.

doi:10.1002/9781119600206.ch62

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis, there is a discontinuity of the colonic mucosal barrier. Unlike healthy individuals, most patients with IBD have bacteria in the inner lining of the mucus, showing a breakdown of the barrier [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in MUC2 Gene Expression Based on the Clinical Severity of Colitis and the Degree of Histopathological Damage to the Colonic Mucosa in Colitis-induced Rat

Miro

Almasi‐Hashiani

Zubir

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by intestinal inflammation and epithelial damage. Impaired mucosal cell barrier function mainly associated with thinning of the mucin layer may be the initial events underlying injury and inflammation in UC. Impaired expression of specific mucins is closely associated with IBD. MUC2 is a gene that produces mucin, which is predominant in the colon in humans and rats. METHODS: This study is an experimental study with a posttest-only design. The sample comprised 16 colitis-induced rats. Induction of colitis was done by giving a solution of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 2.5% 1 mL/day orally for 7 days. MUC2 gene expression was measured by rtPCR. The clinical severity of colitis was classified based on the disease activity index (DAI) score. The degree of histopathological damage was classified based on the score of colonic histology observations. The statistical analysis was done by the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and continued with an independent samples t-test. RESULTS: There were differences in MUC2 gene expression in mild and moderate colitis (1.81 vs. 2.99) but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). MUC2 gene expression also differed in mild and severe histopathological damage degrees (2.32 vs. 2.1) but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded in this study that MUC2 gene expression did not have significant differences based on the clinical severity of colitis and the degree of histopathological damage to the colonic mucosa in colitis-induced rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in MUC2 Gene Expression Based on the Clinical Severity of Colitis and the Degree of Histopathological Damage to the Colonic Mucosa in Colitis-induced Rat

Miro

Almasi‐Hashiani

Zubir

et al. 2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…However, the pathogenesis of IBD still requires in-depth investigation. IBD is defined as a multifactorial disease that is characterized by a combination of environment, microbiota, immune response, and genetic factors (Loddo & Romano, 2015;Ananthakrishnan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous research studies have suggested that homeostasis dysbiosis among gut microbiome, epithelial barrier, and immune system could be treated as the crucial mechanism for the progression of IBD (Ananthakrishnan et al, 2022;Loddo & Romano, 2015). Additionally, many reports suggested that gut microbiota modulation could significantly mitigate inflammation-linked diseases (Mazmanian et al, 2008;Wen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) exerts anti‐ulcerative colitis effects through gut microbiota modulation

Chen,

Xiao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

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Traditional Chinese medicinal books have noted that sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) may effectively manage inflammation‐linked conditions. The folk use of sea bass during pregnancy as nutritional care is also popular in China. However, scientific verification of health benefits of sea bass remains a lack of report. Our previous studies have proven that sea bass has therapeutic benefits for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, a further investigation on the interacted mechanism among sea bass, UC, and gut microbiota has still not been fully explored and clarified. Hence, gut microbiota as the crucial mechanism of UC was evaluated. Gut ecosystem was analyzed by 16sRNA sequencing. The potential microbial biomarker was found through LEfSe analysis. Flow cytometry was then further applied to verify the identified biomarker. Results revealed that sea bass could effectively recover the abundance of UC‐mediated microbiota. LEfSe analysis found that Christensenellaceae could be identified as the potential biomarker for sea bass‐mediated gut microbiota in UC. Further in vitro study conjointly confirmed that the identified bioactive constituent of sea bass could significantly promote the growth of Christensenella minuta. Sufficient results derived that sea bass could ameliorate UC through gut microbiota modulation. C. minuta was identified as the promising microbial biomarker for the mechanism of sea bass in treating intestinal inflammation. It provided further elucidation on the pharmacological mechanism of sea bass in alleviating UC through gut microbiota modulation. It is a crucial driving force for the progress of scientific research on the dietary therapy of sea bass.

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“…Scoring systems based on clinical, biological, endoscopic, radiologic and histologic observations have been developed and validated to describe disease activity; however, the definitions of relapse and remission remain still under debate [ 1 ]. IBD have unclear aetiology implicating genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and influence of gut microbiota, contributing to a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract [ 2 – 4 ]. Hence, the intestinal microbiota has gained much attention as an important factor in disease development, but also as a focus for new emerging therapeutic approaches with the development of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic and phenotypic analysis of bifidobacteria isolated from IBD patients as potential probiotic strains

Bosselaar,

Dhelin,

Dautel

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Background Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a major public health issue with unclear aetiology. Changes in the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota are associated with these pathologies, including the depletion of strict anaerobes such as Feacalibacterium prausnitzii. Less evidence is observed for depletion in other anaerobes, among which bifidobacteria. This study characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bifidobacteria isolated from the human intestinal microbiota in active and non-active IBD patients by a culturomics approach and evaluated if these bifidobacteria might be used as probiotics for gut health. Results A total of 341 bifidobacteria were isolated from the intestinal microbiota of IBD patients (52 Crohn’s disease and 26 ulcerative colitis patients), with a high proportion of Bifidobacterium dentium strains (28% of isolated bifidobacteria). In ulcerative colitis, the major species identified was B. dentium (39% of isolated bifidobacteria), in active and non-active ulcerative colitis. In Crohn’s disease, B. adolescentis was the major species isolated from non-active patients (40%), while similar amounts of B. dentium and B. adolescentis were found in active Crohn’s disease patients. The relative abundance of B. dentium was increased with age, both in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and active and non-active IBD patients. Antibacterial capacities of bifidobacteria isolated from non-active ulcerative colitis against Escherichia coli LF82 and Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 were observed more often compared to strains isolated from active ulcerative colitis. Finally, B. longum were retained as strains with the highest probiotic potential as they were the major strains presenting exopolysaccharide synthesis, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory capacities. Antimicrobial activity and EPS synthesis were further correlated to the presence of antimicrobial and EPS gene clusters by in silico analysis. Conclusions Different bifidobacterial taxonomic profiles were identified in the microbiota of IBD patients. The most abundant species were B. dentium, mainly associated to the microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients and B. adolescentis, in the intestinal microbiota of Crohn’s disease patients. Additionally, the relative abundance of B. dentium significantly increased with age. Furthermore, this study evidenced that bifidobacteria with probiotic potential (antipathogenic activity, exopolysaccharide production and anti-inflammatory activity), especially B. longum strains, can be isolated from the intestinal microbiota of both active and non-active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathogenesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Differences in MUC2 Gene Expression Based on the Clinical Severity of Colitis and the Degree of Histopathological Damage to the Colonic Mucosa in Colitis-induced Rat

Differences in MUC2 Gene Expression Based on the Clinical Severity of Colitis and the Degree of Histopathological Damage to the Colonic Mucosa in Colitis-induced Rat

Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) exerts anti‐ulcerative colitis effects through gut microbiota modulation

Taxonomic and phenotypic analysis of bifidobacteria isolated from IBD patients as potential probiotic strains

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